Early biting of the Anopheles gambiae s.s. and its challenges to vector control using insecticide treated nets in western Kenya highlands

Acta Tropica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Wamae ◽  
A.K. Githeko ◽  
G.O. Otieno ◽  
E.W. Kabiru ◽  
S.O. Duombia
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.S ◽  
Western Kenya

The Anopheles gambiae cE5 salivary protein: a sensitive biomarker to evaluate the efficacy of insecticide-treated nets in malaria vector control

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Marie ◽  
Raffaele Ronca ◽  
Anne Poinsignon ◽  
Fabrizio Lombardo ◽  
Papa M. Drame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets

scholarly journals Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis population densities and infectivity in Kopere village, Western Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (08) ◽  
pp. 637-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ambogo Obala ◽  
Helen L Kutima ◽  
Henry D.N. Nyamogoba ◽  
Anne W Mwangi ◽  
Chrispinus J Simiyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Anopheles Arabiensis ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Endemic Malaria ◽  
Vector Mosquito

Introduction: This study was conducted in a sugar belt region of western Kenya interfacing epidemic and endemic malaria transmission. We investigated Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (ss) and Anopheles arabiensis species compositions and densities, human host choice, and infectivity. Methodology: Mosquitoes were captured using pyrethrum spray catch technique and first identified based on morphology; species were confirmed by PCR. Blood meal preference and sporozoite rates were determined by ELISA. Parity rates and entomological inoculation rates (EIR) were determined. Seasonal densities were compared against environmental temperatures, relative humidity and rainfall. Results: In total 2,426 An. gambiae were collected.  Out of 1,687 female blood-fed mosquitoes, 272 were randomly selected for entomological tests. An. gambiae ss and An. arabiensis comprised 75% (205/272) and 25% (68/272) of the selection, respectively. An. gambiae ss had higher preference for human blood (97%; n=263/272) compared with An. arabiensis, which mostly fed on bovines (88%; n=239/272).  The sporozoite and parity rates were 6% (16/272) and 66% (179/272) for An. gambiae ss and 2% (4/272) and 53% (144/272) for An. arabiensis respectively, while EIR was 0.78 infective bites/person/night.  Climate (ANOVA; F=14.2; DF=23) and temperature alone (r=0.626; t=3.75; p=0.001) were significantly correlated with vector densities. Conclusion: An. gambiae ss are the most efficient malaria vector mosquito species in Kopere village. Because An. gambiae ss largely rests and feeds indoors, use of indoor residual spray and insecticide-treated nets is likely the most suitable approach to malaria vector control in Kopere village and other parts of Kenya where this species is abundant. 

scholarly journals Discriminative feeding behaviour of Anopheles gambiae s.s. on endemic plants in western Kenya

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. MANDA ◽  
L. C. GOUAGNA ◽  
E. NYANDAT ◽  
E. W. KABIRU ◽  
R. R. JACKSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Endemic Plants ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.S ◽  
Western Kenya

scholarly journals Efficacy of Interceptor® G2, a new long-lasting insecticidal net against wild pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.s. from Côte d’Ivoire: a semi-field trial

Parasite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soromane Camara ◽  
Ludovic Phamien Ahoua Alou ◽  
Alphonsine Amanan Koffi ◽  
Yao Cyntia Muriel Clegban ◽  
Jean-Paul Kabran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.S ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Background: The widespread insecticide resistance in malaria vector populations is a serious threat to the efficacy of vector control tools. As a result, the World Health Organization (WHO) supports the development of alternative tools that combine several insecticides with the aim of improving vector control and the management of insecticide resistance. In the present study, a long-lasting insecticidal net treated with a mixture of chlorfenapyr and alphacypermethrin was evaluated against wild pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.s in M’bé, Côte d’Ivoire. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bottle tests were carried out with resistant An. gambiae s.s. of M’bé and the susceptible strain, to assess the resistance level to chlorfenapyr and alphacypermethrin. Results: CDC bottle bioassays revealed a high level of resistance of An. gambiae s.s. population from M’bé to alphacypermethrin, whereas they revealed low resistance to chlorfenapyr. In experimental huts, Interceptor® G2 that was unwashed or washed 20 times killed 87% and 82% of An. gambiae s.s., respectively, whereas Interceptor® LN that was either unwashed or washed 20 times killed only about 10% of the mosquitoes. The blood-feeding inhibition induced by Interceptor® was not significantly different compared to untreated nets, whereas Interceptor® G2 that was unwashed or washed 20 times induced 42% and 34% inhibition of blood-feeding, respectively. Conclusion: Interceptor® G2 met the WHOPES criteria to undergo a phase III study. Investigation of its efficacy at a community level and the conduct of randomized controlled trials dealing with epidemiological outputs are warranted in order to study the potential of Interceptor® G2 to better protect communities.

scholarly journals Multimodal Pyrethroid Resistance in Malaria Vectors, Anopheles gambiae s.s., Anopheles arabiensis, and Anopheles funestus s.s. in Western Kenya

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. e22574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Kawada ◽  
Gabriel O. Dida ◽  
Kazunori Ohashi ◽  
Osamu Komagata ◽  
Shinji Kasai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Anopheles Arabiensis ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.S ◽  
Western Kenya

scholarly journals Evaluation of an alpha-cypermethrin + PBO mixture long-lasting insecticidal net VEERALIN® LN against pyrethroid resistant Anopheles gambiae s.s.: an experimental hut trial in M’bé, central Côte d’Ivoire

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Welbeck A. Oumbouke ◽  
Mark Rowland ◽  
Alphonsine A. Koffi ◽  
Ludovic P. A. Alou ◽  
Soromane Camara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.S ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

Abstract Background Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are the primary method of malaria prevention. However, the widespread resistance to pyrethroids among major malaria vector species represents a significant threat to the continued efficacy of pyrethroid LLIN. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) is a synergist that inhibits the activity of metabolic enzymes of the cytochrome P450 family known to detoxify insecticides including pyrethroids. Synergist LLIN incorporating PBO and a pyrethroid may provide improved control compared to pyrethroid-only LLIN. Methods The efficacy of VEERALIN® LN (VKA polymers Pvt Ltd, India), an alpha-cypermethrin PBO synergist net was evaluated in experimental huts in M’bé, central Côte d’Ivoire against wild pyrethroid resistant Anopheles gambiae s.s. Comparison was made with a standard alpha-cypermethrin-treated net (MAGNet® LN, VKA polymers Pvt Ltd, India). Nets were tested unwashed and after 20 standardized washes. Results VEERALIN® LN demonstrated improved efficacy compared to MAGNet® LN against wild free-flying pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.s. Before washing, VEERALIN® LN produced mortality of An. gambiae s.s. (51%) significantly higher than the standard pyrethroid-only net (29%) (P < 0.0001). Although there was a significant reduction in mortality with both LLINs after 20 washes, VEERALIN® LN remained superior in efficacy to MAGNet® LN (38 vs 17%) (P < 0.0001). Blood-feeding was significantly inhibited with both types of insecticide-treated nets relative to the untreated control net (P < 0.0001). Unwashed VEERALIN® LN induced significantly higher blood-feeding inhibition of An. gambiae s.s. (62.6%) compared to MAGNet® LN (35.4%) (P < 0.001). The difference persisted after washing, as there was no indication that either LLIN lost protection against biting or blood-feeding. The level of personal protection derived from the use of VEERALIN® LN was high (87%) compared to MAGNet® LN (66–69%) whether unwashed or washed. The AI content of VEERALIN® LN after 20 washes decreased from 6.75 to 6.03 g/kg for alpha-cypermethrin and from 2.95 to 2.64 g/kg for PBO, corresponding to an overall retention of 89% for each compound. Conclusions The addition of the synergist PBO to pyrethroid net greatly improved protection and control of pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.s. The pyrethroid-PBO VEERALIN® LN has the potential to reduce transmission in areas compromised by pyrethroid resistance.

scholarly journals Distribution of Members of the Anopheles Gamibiae s.l. In Oyo State, South West Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Adedapo O. Adeogun ◽  
Kehinde O.K. Popoola ◽  
Abiodun K. Olakiigbe ◽  
Samson T. Awolola
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Anopheles Arabiensis ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
The State ◽  
Anopheles Coluzzii ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.S ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.L

Background: Members of the Anopheles gambiae s.l. remain the most efficient vectors of malaria parasite in Africa. However, for timely and effective vector control activities, the distribution of these important vectors in local communities is crucial. We therefore determine the distribution of the members of Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Oyo State, Nigeria Methods: Larval stages of Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from identified mosquito breeding sites in six localities (Oluyole, Eruwa, Oyo, Ojoo, Bodija, and Ogbomoso) in Oyo State and reared to adults. Three to five days old adult emergence were identified morphologically using standard methods. A total of 100 mosquitoes were selected from each of localities for molecular analysis. DNA were extracted and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR-ID) followed by restriction endonucleases digestion was used for molecular identification. Results: A total of 58 larval breeding sites were sampled out of which 12 (20.7%) had Anophelines only, 21 (36.2%) contained Culicines only and the remaining 25 (43.1%) had both Anophelines and Culicines. The mosquitoes were mostly found in footprints, followed by tire tracks, pools, puddle and ponds. The habitat type distribution for Anopheline and Culicines were not different (χ2=5.25, DF=5, P>0.01). A total of 1,725 Anophelines emerged from the collection out of which, 823 were females. All the female samples were morphologically identified as members of the Anopheles gambiae s.l.. A total of 600 (72.9%) of the female Anopheline population was subjected to PCR. PCR-ID showed that the mosquito populations contained higher numbers of Anopheles arabiensis (58%) than Anopheles gambiae s.s. (42%). Enzyme digest indicate that samples from Oluyole, Iwo road and Bodija were man-ly the M form (now called An. coluzzii), while both M (An. colizzii) and S (An. gambiae) form occur in sympatry in Oyo town and Eruwa. Conclusion: This study presents information on the distribution of Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae in Oyo State. This has implication on the vector control activities in the State as members of these Anopheles mosquitoes exhibit varying feeding behaviours, transmission pattern and resistance profiles. Such information is useful in planning vector control activities for the State

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