Abstract
The objective of this paper is to experimentally validate the graph-based approach that was advanced in our previous work for predicting the heat flux in metal additive manufactured parts. We realize this objective in the specific context of the directed energy deposition (DED) additive manufacturing process. Accordingly, titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) test parts (cubes) measuring 12.7 mm × 12.7 mm × 12.7 mm were deposited using an Optomec hybrid DED system at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL). A total of six test parts were manufactured under varying process settings of laser power, material flow rate, layer thickness, scan velocity, and dwell time between layers. During the build, the temperature profiles for these test parts were acquired using a single thermocouple affixed to the substrate (also Ti6Al4V). The graph-based approach was tailored to mimic the experimental DED process conditions. The results indicate that the temperature trends predicted from the graph theoretic approach closely match the experimental data; the mean absolute percentage error between the experimental and predicted temperature trends were in the range of 6% ∼ 15%. This work thus lays the foundation for predicting distortion and the microstructure evolved in metal additive manufactured parts as a function of the heat flux. In our forthcoming research we will focus on validating the model in the context of the laser powder bed fusion process.
Oxidation induced Mechanisms during Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufactured Titanium Alloy Builds