Social bias affects vigilance contagion in Japanese macaques

This article presents an analysis of the changes that have occurred in one of the most important state documents - the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation. Criticism of this document can be traced in many scientific works: some experts attribute the Doctrine only to a program document, while others expect it to be implement and control, i.e. much more in practice. An assessment of the significance and essence of such a document as the doctrine as a whole made it possible to determine its place both in the system of public administration and the degree of its significance in the regulatory field. Based on the findings, an attempt was made to analyze changes in the new Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the President of Russia No. 20 of 01.21.2020. Structural changes in the new Doctrine are highlighted, as well as a critical assessment of the features of all its main sections. The greatest changes were revealed in the state food security assessment system, and it was also determined that the new version of the Doctrine has a greater social bias. If there are positive changes, some omissions of the most important areas of agri-food policy have been identified, which, despite their absence or insufficient reflection in the Doctrine, can be presented and decided at the level of subsequent documents, but only if the Doctrine in practice will be a fundamental document of public administration and regulatory framework.

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Correction to: Food conditions, competitive regime, and female social relationships in Japanese macaques: within-population variation on Yakushima

Primates ◽

10.1007/s10329-021-00893-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Goro Hanya ◽

Miki Matsubara ◽

Shuhei Hayaishi ◽

Koichiro Zamma ◽

Shinichi Yoshihiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Relationships ◽

Japanese Macaques ◽

Population Variation ◽

Food Conditions ◽

Female Social Relationships

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Phylogeographic history of Japanese macaques

Journal of Biogeography ◽

10.1111/jbi.14087 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tsuyoshi Ito ◽

Takashi Hayakawa ◽

Nami Suzuki–Hashido ◽

Yuzuru Hamada ◽

Yosuke Kurihara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Japanese Macaques ◽

Phylogeographic History ◽

History Of

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Pattern and pace of morphological change due to variable human impact: the case of Japanese macaques

Primates ◽

10.1007/s10329-021-00933-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Madeleine Geiger

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Human Impact ◽

Morphological Variation ◽

Japanese Macaques ◽

Linear Measurements ◽

Skull Shape ◽

Rates Of Change ◽

Animal Populations ◽

Captive Populations ◽

In Captivity

AbstractHuman impact influences morphological variation in animals, as documented in many captive and domestic animal populations. However, there are different levels of human impact, and their influence on the pattern and rate of morphological variation remains unclear. This study contributes to the ongoing debate via the examination of cranial and mandibular shape and size variation and pace of change in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). This species is ideal for tackling such questions because different wild, wild-provisioned, and captive populations have been monitored and collected over seven decades. Linear measurements were taken on 70 skulls from five populations, grouped into three ‘human impact groups’ (wild, wild-provisioned, and captive). This made it possible to investigate the pattern and pace of skull form changes among the human impact groups as well as over time within the populations. It was found that the overall skull shape tends to differ among the human impact groups, with captive macaques having relatively longer rostra than wild ones. Whether these differences are a result of geographic variation or variable human impact, related to nutritional supply and mechanical properties of the diet, is unclear. However, this pattern of directed changes did not seem to hold when the single captive populations were examined in detail. Although environmental conditions have probably been similar for the two examined captive populations (same captive locality), skull shape changes over the first generations in captivity were mostly different. This varying pattern, together with a consistent decrease in body size in the captive populations over generations, points to genetic drift playing a role in shaping skull shape and body size in captivity. In the captive groups investigated here, the rates of change were found to be high compared to literature records from settings featuring different degrees of human impact in different species, although they still lie in the range of field studies in a natural context. This adds to the view that human impact might not necessarily lead to particularly fast rates of change.

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