young adult male
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2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 675
Author(s):  
Kimberly K. Richardson ◽  
Wen Ling ◽  
Kimberly Krager ◽  
Qiang Fu ◽  
Stephanie D. Byrum ◽  
...  

The damaging effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on bone mass are well-documented in mice and humans and are most likely due to increased osteoclast number and function. However, the mechanisms leading to inappropriate increases in osteoclastic bone resorption are only partially understood. Here, we show that exposure to multiple fractions of low-doses (10 fractions of 0.4 Gy total body irradiation [TBI]/week, i.e., fractionated exposure) and/or a single exposure to the same total dose of 4 Gy TBI causes a decrease in trabecular, but not cortical, bone mass in young adult male mice. This damaging effect was associated with highly activated bone resorption. Both osteoclast differentiation and maturation increased in cultures of bone marrow-derived macrophages from mice exposed to either fractionated or singular TBI. IR also increased the expression and enzymatic activity of mitochondrial deacetylase Sirtuin-3 (Sirt3)—an essential protein for osteoclast mitochondrial activity and bone resorption in the development of osteoporosis. Osteoclast progenitors lacking Sirt3 exposed to IR exhibited impaired resorptive activity. Taken together, targeting impairment of osteoclast mitochondrial activity could be a novel therapeutic strategy for IR-induced bone loss, and Sirt3 is likely a major mediator of this effect.


2022 ◽  
pp. 174889582110679
Author(s):  
Sheree Elizabeth Pretorius ◽  
Jacques Jordaan ◽  
Karel Esterhuyse

Correctional environments are regarded as degrading, dangerous, difficult, stigmatizing, stressful, unsafe, and violent. Young adult male incarcerated offenders need to acquire the necessary coping skills to survive in the correctional environment. This research study aimed to determine which variable(s) or set of variables explain a significant percentage of the variance in coping among young adult male incarcerated offenders in a South African private maximum-security correctional center. The research approach in this study was quantitative, and the nature of the research was nonexperimental. A correlational research design was used. The sample consisted of 187 young adult male incarcerated offenders. The hierarchical regression analysis results indicated that vigilance was the only predictor variable that statistically and practically significantly predicted seeking social support and problem-solving. This finding implies that young adult offenders who are more vigilant regarding decision-making are more inclined to solve problems better and use social support to cope better.


Author(s):  
Elie Maliha ◽  
Antonio Pinti ◽  
Paméla Bassim ◽  
Hechmi Toumi ◽  
Rawad El Hage

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 102888
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taha Tariq ◽  
Shuah Ullah ◽  
Kiran Shafiq Khan ◽  
Aneeqa Khan ◽  
Irfan Ullah

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1100-1100
Author(s):  
Racheal Smetana ◽  
Donna Broshek

Abstract Objective To illustrate an unusual presentation of anti-n-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis in a young adult male. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is an autoimmune-mediated disorder with psychiatric and neurological features that can have lasting impact on cognition. Unique presentation, diagnosis, and assessment are presented. Method Patient is a 28-year-old, Caucasian male with a history of bipolar disorder. Initial hospital presentation was characterized by headache, tremor, and acute altered mental status. Imaging revealed chronic meningitis with diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement/multiple cranial nerve enhancement, hydrocephalus, and Chiari I malformation. He underwent external ventricular drain (EVD) placement and was discharged upon stabilization. He presented 1 month later with symptom recurrence and interval development of hydrocephalus. CSF studies were positive for NMDAR antibody. He was treated with immunotherapy. His 3-month long hospitalization was complicated by acute respiratory failure and intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhages. He was discharged to 1 month of inpatient rehabilitation. Results Neuropsychological assessment was completed 4 months following discharge from rehabilitation. Visual deficits due to grade 1 papilledema complicated testing. Results revealed frontal deficits (focused attention, processing, and executive functions), with intact verbal learning/memory. This deviates from previous literature that specify verbal memory dysfunction as a core long-term outcome of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Conclusions This case highlights an unusual presentation and neuropsychological assessment of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Rare presentations of anti-NMDAR encephalitis can preclude clinical diagnosis and compromise long-term cognitive outcomes if not rapidly and effectively treated. Additionally, mood symptoms may have been early manifestation of the patient’s disease process. Despite acute complications, he demonstrated remarkable functional and cognitive recovery.


Cureus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadie Aziz ◽  
Ferdinand Ong ◽  
Roneil N Parikh ◽  
Auerilius E Hamilton

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. S134
Author(s):  
Rishi Raj ◽  
Pavitri Dwivedi ◽  
Ghada Elshimy

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