Dear-enemy effect between two sympatric bird species

2022 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Jan Jedlikowski ◽  
Marcin Polak ◽  
Paweł Ręk
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Dear Enemy ◽  
Dear Enemy Effect

Aggression towards unfamiliar intruders by male lizards Eurolophosaurus nanuzae depends on contestant’s body traits: a test of the dear enemy effect

Behaviour ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo C. Quintana ◽  
Conrado A.B. Galdino
Keyword(s):  
Saving Energy ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Dear Enemy ◽  
Holding Power ◽  
Resource Holding Power ◽  
Dear Enemy Phenomenon ◽  
Dear Enemy Effect ◽  
Tail Condition

A reduction of territory owners’ aggression towards their neighbours in relation to the intrusion of strangers characterises the dear enemy phenomenon. Supposedly, the disparity in aggression levels of territory owners is due to a higher threat imposed by strangers compared to the threat imposed by neighbours. To evaluate the occurrence of the phenomenon in males of the small-sized lizard Eurolophosaurus nanuzae we performed a field manipulative study. We considered three models to run intrusions in males’ territories: neighbour, tailed stranger (unfamiliar) and tailless stranger intruders. Our results lend support to the presence of dear enemy for this species as residents acted more aggressively towards strangers than to neighbours. In addition, the information we provide supports the relative threat hypothesis as territory owners were more aggressive towards tailed stranger intruders than to tailless stranger intruders. In this sense, tail condition can represent a trait that signals the ‘resource holding power’ (RHP) of a lizard. Therefore, we show that beyond neighbourhood recognition, residents are able to evaluate the potential threat of stranger intruders in general, thereby extending the evolutionary gains of the dear enemy by saving energy even in the context they are expected to acts with higher costs.

Dear enemy effect in the Mexican volcano mouse Neotomodon alstoni: Implications of sex in the agonistic behaviour among neighbours

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 104251
Author(s):  
Jorge Vázquez ◽  
Juan A. Fargallo ◽  
Nallely Jiménez ◽  
Fernando Aguilar-Montiel ◽  
Luisa Rodríguez-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
Dear Enemy ◽  
Dear Enemy Effect

Enemies are not always dear: male song sparrows adjust dear enemy effect expression in response to female fertility

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Moser-Purdy ◽  
Elizabeth A. MacDougall-Shackleton ◽  
Daniel J. Mennill
Keyword(s):  
Female Fertility ◽  
Dear Enemy ◽  
Male Song ◽  
Song Sparrows ◽  
Dear Enemy Effect

Differential attack by a cichlid fish on resident and non-resident fish of another cichlid species

Behaviour ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Awata ◽  
Masanori Kohda ◽  
Haruki Ochi
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Lake Tanganyika ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Differential Attack ◽  
Dear Enemy ◽  
Resident Fish ◽  
Cichlid Species ◽  
Dear Enemy Effect

AbstractAn algivorous cichlid, Variabilichromis moorii( Vm), defends permanent territories in Lake Tanganyika, Africa. A zoobenthivorous cichlid, Neolamprologus mustax( Nm), spends 60% of daylight hours foraging in Vmterritories, from which other zoobenthivorous fishes are chased out and consequently which are much richer in prey animals than areas outside of Vmterritories. We conducted a field experiment to examine whether Nmresidents and non-residents received different degrees of attacks from Vm. Nmfish were caught in their territories, released at a point distant from these territories, and followed to observe interactions with Vmfish. The frequency of attacks received by the displaced Nmfish was greater than attacks received by Nmresidents, indicating that Nmresidents had easier access to Vmterritories than non-residents did. A possible mechanism for this is reduced aggression of Vmtowards Nmresidents, as a result of the ‘dear enemy’ effect that has been reported in territorial contests between rivals. An alternative mechanism is that tolerance towards Nmdiffers among Vmfish and Nmresidents selectively visit more tolerant Vmfish due to previous experience while non-residents randomly approach both tolerant and hostile Vmfish. The ability of Vmto discriminate between Nmresidents and non-residents is essential to the former mechanism but not to the latter. To more specifically examine which mechanism works in the Vm– Nmcommensal system, we will need to follow individually identified Vmfish interacting with Nmresidents and non-residents.

scholarly journals Intraspecific competition in the ant Camponotus cruentatus: should we expect the ‘dear enemy’ effect?

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Boulay ◽  
Xim Cerdá ◽  
Tovit Simon ◽  
María Roldan ◽  
Abraham Hefetz
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Dear Enemy ◽  
Dear Enemy Effect

Male territorial aggression does not drive conformity to local vocal culture in a passerine bird

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy H. Parker ◽  
Marcelina Parra ◽  
Anthony Dalisio ◽  
William E. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Song Learning ◽  
Song Type ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Territorial Aggression ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Sufficient Power ◽  
Dear Enemy Effect

In many songbird species, young males learn songs from neighbors and then settle nearby, thus creating neighborhoods of conformity to local vocal culture. In some species males appear to postpone song learning until after dispersal, possibly to facilitate conformity to local dialects. Despite decades of study, we still lack a consensus regarding the selective pressures driving this delayed song learning. Two common hypothetical benefits to conformity, and thus delayed song learning, are rooted in male territorial interactions; males preferentially produce local song either to avoid detection as new arrivals (deceptive mimicry) or to be more effectively recognized as conspecific territory holders. The dickcissel (Spiza americana) is an ideal species in which to study these hypotheses. Males of this species appear to delay song learning until they arrive at their first adult territory, each individual sings a single song type, and conformity to the local song culture is high. Using playback, we contradicted both of the territorial hypotheses described above; male dickcissels did not respond differentially to local vs foreign song playback treatment. We are confident in this lack of difference because dickcissels clearly responded less strongly to a third treatment, neighbor song, than to the other two treatments, demonstrating sufficient power in our experimental design (and providing the first evidence of the dear-enemy effect in dickcissels). Our results raise the question of why dickcissels respond equally aggressively to both local and foreign songs when other bird species often show reduced aggression towards foreign song. If reduced aggression to foreign song is not ubiquitous in species that achieve conformity through delayed learning then selection from among-male territorial interaction seems unlikely to be a general explanation for such delayed learning. Reduced aggression in response to foreign songs in other species may be due to reduced exposure to the stimulus of foreign song or to different cost-benefit trade-offs when responding to songs that deviate from the local average.

scholarly journals Rufous-and-white wrens Thryophilus rufalbus do not exhibit a dear enemy effects towards conspecific or heterospecific competitors

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M. Battiston ◽  
David R. Wilson ◽  
Brendan A. Graham ◽  
Kristin A. Kovach ◽  
Daniel J. Mennill
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Shared Resources ◽  
Dear Enemy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dear Enemy Effect

Abstract Many territorial animals exhibit reduced aggression towards neighbours. Known as “the dear enemy effect”, this phenomenon has been documented among conspecific animals across a wide range of animal taxa. In theory, the dear enemy effect can also exist between individuals of different species, particularly when those species compete for shared resources. To date, a heterospecific dear enemy effects has only been documented in ants. In this study, we test for both a conspecific and heterospe-cific dear enemy effect in neotropical rufous-and-white wrens Thryophilus rufalbus. This species competes for resources with banded wrens Thryophilus pleurostictus, a closely related sympatric congener. We used acoustic playback to simulate ruf-ous-and-white wren and banded wren neighbours and non-neighbours at the edges of rufous-and-white wren territories. Ruf-ous-and-white wrens responded more strongly to signals from their own species, demonstrating that resident males discriminate between conspecific and heterospecific rivals. They did not, however, exhibit a conspecific dear enemy effect. Further, they did not exhibit a heterospecific dear enemy effect. This could be due to neighbours and non-neighbours posing similar levels of threat in this system, to the possibility that playback from the edges of the subjects’ large territories did not simulate a threatening signal, or to other factors. Our study provides the first test of a heterospecific dear enemy effect in vertebrates, and presents a valuable experimental approach for testing for a heterospecific dear enemy effect in other animals.

scholarly journals The dear enemy effect drives conspecific aggressiveness in an Azteca-Cecropia system

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Zorzal ◽  
Flávio Camarota ◽  
Marcondes Dias ◽  
Diogo M. Vidal ◽  
Eraldo Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
Mate Recognition ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Dear Enemy ◽  
Neighbor Effect ◽  
Dear Enemy Effect ◽  
Behavioral Trials ◽  
Ant Aggressiveness

AbstractTerritoriality is costly, and the accurate identification of intruders and the decision to perform aggressive responses are key behavioral traits in social animals. We studied aggression among individuals belonging to close and distant nests of the plant-ant Azteca muelleri, which lives in stems of the pioneer tree Cecropia glaziovii. More specifically, we aim to investigate if the DE (dear-enemy effect—less aggression towards neighbors than strangers) or NN (nasty-neighbor effect—less aggression to strangers than neighbors) effects or even none of them apply for this iconic Azteca-Cecropia system. We further checked if ant aggression towards conspecifics is related to cuticular hydrocarbon profiles (CHCs), which provide chemical cues for nestmate recognition. Therefore, we sampled 46 nests of A. muelleri in three Brazilian Atlantic forest fragments and performed behavioral trials within and between sites. Consistently with the DE effect, we found higher aggression levels in ‘between sites’ versus ‘within sites’ treatments as well as a positive effect of spatial distance on ant aggressiveness. We found no effect of the overall dissimilarities on CHC blend on ant aggressiveness, but of one CHC class, the methylated alkanes. Overall, we provide key insights on nest-mate recognition in obligatory ant-plant mutualisms.

Male Great Tits (Parus major) adjust dear enemy effect expression in different breeding stages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longru Jin ◽  
Jingnan Liang ◽  
Qianxi Fan ◽  
Jiangping Yu ◽  
Keping Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parus Major ◽  
Dear Enemy ◽  
Dear Enemy Effect
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