Growth and root-knot nematode infection of tomato are influenced by mycorrhizal fungi and earthworms in an intercropping cultivation system with leeks

The Orchidaceae are the largest and most diverse family of flowering plants on earth, and include some of the most important horticultural plants. While mycoheterotrophic orchids belonging to the genus Gastrodia are known to be provided with carbon through mycorrhizal fungi, the relationship between the plants and fungi is poorly understood. Furthermore, it is challenging to cultivate Gastrodia spp. in vitro. In this study, we present an efficient method for germinating Gastrodia pubilabiata (Gp), Gastrodia nipponica (Gn), and Gastrodia confusa (Gc) plants in vitro, which results in the production of a protocorm and tuber, as under natural conditions. The Gp and Gc plants produced flowers 126 and 124 days after germination, respectively, and set seed under our artificial conditions. In addition, Gp plants flowered up to three times a year from a single tuber. Using our artificial cultivation system, we identified some of the mycorrhizal fungi associated with these plants. Gastrodia spp. appear to obtain carbon from many kinds of mycorrhizal fungi. Our artificial cultivation method is a rapid and efficient means of growing Gastrodia spp. In addition to having applications in research and commercial nurseries, this method could be used to conserve Gastrodia spp. in ex situ, many of which are endangered.

Download Full-text

Rhizosphere Microbiomes from Root Knot Nematode Non-infested Plants Suppress Nematode Infection

Microbial Ecology ◽

10.1007/s00248-019-01319-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 470-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Dongmei Zhou ◽

Hui Feng ◽

Taruna Schuelke ◽

Alejandro De Santiago ◽

Qimeng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nematode Infection ◽

Root Knot Nematode

Download Full-text

Transcriptomic analysis of resistant and susceptible responses in a new model root-knot nematode infection system using Solanum torvum and Meloidogyne arenaria

10.1101/2021.04.02.438176 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kazuki Sato ◽

Taketo Uehara ◽

Julia Holbein ◽

Yuko Sasaki-Sekimoto ◽

Pamela Gan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nematode Infection ◽

Plant Genome ◽

Root Tip ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Class Iii ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Cell Wall Modification ◽

Solanum Torvum

ABSTRACTRoot-knot nematodes (RKNs) are among the most devastating pests in agriculture. Solanum torvum Sw. (turkey berry) has been used as a rootstock for eggplant (aubergine) cultivation because of its resistance to RKNs, including Meloidogyne incognita and M. arenaria. We previously found that a pathotype of M. arenaria, A2-J, is able to infect and propagate in S. torvum. In vitro infection assays showed that S. torvum induces the accumulation of brown pigments during avirulent pathotype A2-O infection, but not during virulent A2-J infection. This experimental system is advantageous because resistant and susceptible responses can be distinguished within a few days, and because a single plant genome can yield information about both resistant and susceptible responses. Comparative RNA-sequencing analysis of S. torvum inoculated with A2-J and A2-O at early stages of infection was used to parse the specific resistance and susceptible responses. Infection with A2-J did not induce statistically significant changes in gene expression within one day post-inoculation (DPI), but afterward, A2-J specifically induced the expression of chalcone synthase, spermidine synthase, and genes related to cell wall modification and transmembrane transport. Infection with A2-O rapidly induced the expression of genes encoding class III peroxidases, sesquiterpene synthases, and fatty acid desaturases at 1 DPI, followed by genes involved in defense, hormone signaling, and the biosynthesis of lignin at 3 DPI. Both isolates induced the expression of suberin biosynthetic genes, which may be triggered by wounding during nematode infection. Histochemical analysis revealed that A2-O, but not A2-J, induced lignin accumulation at the root tip, suggesting that physical reinforcement of cell walls with lignin is an important defense response against nematodes. The S. torvum-RKN system can provide a molecular basis for understanding plant-nematode interactions.

Download Full-text

The OPR gene family in watermelon: Genome‐wide identification and expression profiling under hormone treatments and root‐knot nematode infection

Plant Biology ◽

10.1111/plb.13225 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Y. Guang ◽

S. Luo ◽

G. J. Ahammed ◽

X. Xiao ◽

J. Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Expression Profiling ◽

Nematode Infection ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Genome Wide

Download Full-text

Evidence of Differences between the Communities of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Colonizing Galls and Roots of Prunus persica Infected by the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.05577-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 77 (24) ◽

pp. 8656-8661 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Maria del Mar Alguacil ◽

Emma Torrecillas ◽

Zenaida Lozano ◽

Antonio Roldán

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Sequence Type ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Data Set ◽

Content Type ◽

Sequence Types

ABSTRACTArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play important roles as plant protection agents, reducing or suppressing nematode colonization. However, it has never been investigated whether the galls produced in roots by nematode infection are colonized by AMF. This study tested whether galls produced byMeloidogyne incognitainfection inPrunus persicaroots are colonized by AMF. We also determined the changes in AMF composition and biodiversity mediated by infection with this root-knot nematode. DNA from galls and roots of plants infected byM. incognitaand from roots of noninfected plants was extracted, amplified, cloned, and sequenced using AMF-specific primers. Phylogenetic analysis using the small-subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) data set revealed 22 different AMF sequence types (17Glomussequence types, 3Paraglomussequence types, 1Scutellosporasequence type, and 1Acaulosporasequence type). The highest AMF diversity was found in uninfected roots, followed by infected roots and galls. This study indicates that the galls produced inP. persicaroots due to infection withM. incognitawere colonized extensively by a community of AMF, belonging to the families Paraglomeraceae and Glomeraceae, that was different from the community detected in roots. Although the function of the AMF in the galls is still unknown, we hypothesize that they act as protection agents against opportunistic pathogens.

Download Full-text