Evaluation and improvement of coastal GNSS reflectometry sea level variations from existing GNSS stations in Taiwan

Abstract Interannual sea surface height variations in the Atlantic Ocean are examined from 10 years of high-precision altimeter data in light of simple mechanisms that describe the ocean response to atmospheric forcing: 1) local steric changes due to surface buoyancy forcing and a local response to wind stress via Ekman pumping and 2) baroclinic and barotropic oceanic adjustment via propagating Rossby waves and quasi-steady Sverdrup balance, respectively. The relevance of these simple mechanisms in explaining interannual sea level variability in the whole Atlantic Ocean is investigated. It is shown that, in various regions, a large part of the interannual sea level variability is related to local response to heat flux changes (more than 50% in the eastern North Atlantic). Except in a few places, a local response to wind stress forcing is less successful in explaining sea surface height observations. In this case, it is necessary to consider large-scale oceanic adjustments: the first baroclinic mode forced by wind stress explains about 70% of interannual sea level variations in the latitude band 18°–20°N. A quasi-steady barotropic Sverdrup response is observed between 40° and 50°N.

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Investigations on the practical use of a hydrodynamic numeric method for calculation of sea level variations in the North Sea, the Skagerrak and the Kattegat

Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift ◽

10.1007/bf02226672 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 210-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J. T. Duun-Christensen

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

North Sea ◽

The North ◽

The North Sea ◽

Sea Level Variations

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GNSS Reflectometry of the Black Sea Level in the Experiments at the Stationary Oceanographic Platform

Moscow University Physics Bulletin ◽

10.3103/s0027134918040112 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 422-427 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. M. Padokhin ◽

G. A. Kurbatov ◽

M. O. Nazarenko ◽

V. E. Smolov

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Black Sea ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Gnss Reflectometry

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Contemporary Sea Level Variations, Observations and Causes

Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology ◽

10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_471 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 2455-2463

Author(s):

Anny Cazenave

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Sea Level Variations

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Geomorphic evolution of the catchment basin of Maricá (Rio de Janeiro): An attempted correlation with sea-level variations

Quaternary of South America and Antarctic Peninsula ◽

10.1201/9781003079316-13 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 251-268

Author(s):

Peerre Perrin

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Catchment Basin ◽

Geomorphic Evolution ◽

Sea Level Variations

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Combining probability distributions of sea level variations and wave run-up to evaluate coastal flooding risks

10.5194/nhess-2017-438 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ulpu Leijala ◽

Jan-Victor Björkqvist ◽

Milla M. Johansson ◽

Havu Pellikka ◽

Lauri Laakso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Probability Distributions ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Joint Effect ◽

Mean Sea Level ◽

Safety Margins ◽

Acceptable Risks ◽

Flooding Hazards ◽

Sea Level Variations ◽

Run Up

Abstract. Tools for estimating probabilities of flooding hazards caused by the simultaneous effect of sea level and waves are needed for the secure planning of densely populated coastal areas that are strongly vulnerable to climate change. In this paper we present a method for combining location-specific probability distributions of three different components: (1) long-term mean sea level change, (2) short-term sea level variations, and (3) wind-generated waves. We apply the method in two locations in the Helsinki Archipelago to obtain run-up level estimates representing the joint effect of the still water level and the wave run-up. These estimates for the present, 2050 and 2100 are based on field measurements and mean sea level scenarios. In the case of our study locations, the significant locational variability of the wave conditions leads to a difference in the safe building levels of up to one meter. The rising mean sea level in the Gulf of Finland and the uncertainty related to the associated scenarios contribute significantly to the run-up levels for the year 2100. We also present a sensitivity test of the method and discuss its applicability to other coastal regions. Our approach allows for the determining of different building levels based on the acceptable risks for various infrastructure, thus reducing building costs while maintaining necessary safety margins.

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