scholarly journals Neural correlates of fast pupil dilation in nonhuman primates: Relation to behavioral performance and cognitive workload

2010 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.E. Hampson ◽  
Ioan Opris ◽  
S.A. Deadwyler
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Cognitive Workload ◽  
Behavioral Performance

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of Knowledge: Stable Representation of Stimulus Associations across Variations in Behavioral Performance

Neuron ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Messinger ◽  
Larry R. Squire ◽  
Stuart M. Zola ◽  
Thomas D. Albright
Keyword(s):  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Stable Representation

scholarly journals Pupillometry as a measure of cognitive load in mental rotation tasks with abstract and embodied figures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bauer ◽  
Leonardo Jost ◽  
Bianca Günther ◽  
Petra Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Angular Disparity ◽  
Body Postures ◽  
Time Accuracy ◽  
Accuracy Rates

AbstractWe investigated sex differences in behavioral performance and cognitive load in chronometric mental rotation tasks with abstract and embodied figures. Eighty participants (44 females and 36 males) completed 126 items, which included cube figures, body postures, and human figures, which were all comparable in shape and color. Reaction time, accuracy, and cognitive load, measured by changes in pupil dilation, were analyzed. As a function of angular disparity, participants showed shorter reaction times and higher accuracy rates for embodied stimuli than cube figures. Changes in pupil dilation showed a similar pattern, indicating that mental rotation of embodied figures caused less cognitive load to solve the task. No sex differences appeared in any of the measurements.

Neural correlates of behavioral inhibition in healthy people and in patients with borderline personality disorder and ADHD

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S346-S347
Author(s):  
P. Linhartová ◽  
M. Kuhn ◽  
A. Damborská ◽  
M. Lamoš ◽  
M. Mikl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Task Design ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Frontoparietal Network

IntroductionDeficits in behavioral inhibition leading to impulsivity occur frequently in many otherwise different psychiatric diseases, mainly ADHD and borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, the research is complicated by using of different tests and their parameters. Further, the role of frontoparietal network in behavioral inhibition has been questioned recently.ObjectivesThe aims of our studies were:– to present the influence of differences in inhibition tasks parameters;– to describe neural correlates of behavioral inhibition in healthy people;– to compare them with BPD and ADHD patients.MethodsWe implemented two different variants of Go/NoGo Task, one designed for behavioral research and the second for neuroimaging. Thirty healthy participants (37% of women, age range 15 to 33 years) underwent behavioral and fMRI measurement. Further, groups of patients with BPD, ADHD and their healthy controls underwent the Go/NoGo Task under both fMRI and EEG.ResultsThe results show differences in behavioral performance based on different task parameters. The fMRI results in healthy people show specific activation patterns within the frontoparietal network associated with inhibition trials (mainly inferior frontal gyrus, insula, cingulate gyrus, SMA, inferior parietal lobule). Further, we present differences between patients with BPD, ADHD and controls in BOLD signal and ERPs.ConclusionsGo/NoGo Task design substantially influences the subjects’ behavioral performance. Our results with methodologically upgraded Go/NoGo Task design provide support for the inhibition frontoparietal brain network and its different activations in BPD and ADHD patients. The research was supported by Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, grant nr. 15-30062A.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Top-down, contextual entrainment of neuronal oscillations in the auditory thalamocortical circuit

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (32) ◽  
pp. E7605-E7614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Barczak ◽  
Monica Noelle O’Connell ◽  
Tammy McGinnis ◽  
Deborah Ross ◽  
Todd Mowery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Pattern Perception ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Neuronal Oscillations ◽  
External Cues ◽  
Medial Geniculate

Prior studies have shown that repetitive presentation of acoustic stimuli results in an alignment of ongoing neuronal oscillations to the sequence rhythm via oscillatory entrainment by external cues. Our study aimed to explore the neural correlates of the perceptual parsing and grouping of complex repeating auditory patterns that occur based solely on statistical regularities, or context. Human psychophysical studies suggest that the recognition of novel auditory patterns amid a continuous auditory stimulus sequence occurs automatically halfway through the first repetition. We hypothesized that once repeating patterns were detected by the brain, internal rhythms would become entrained, demarcating the temporal structure of these repetitions despite lacking external cues defining pattern on- or offsets. To examine the neural correlates of pattern perception, neuroelectric activity of primary auditory cortex (A1) and thalamic nuclei was recorded while nonhuman primates passively listened to streams of rapidly presented pure tones and bandpass noise bursts. At arbitrary intervals, random acoustic patterns composed of 11 stimuli were repeated five times without any perturbance of the constant stimulus flow. We found significant delta entrainment by these patterns in the A1, medial geniculate body, and medial pulvinar. In A1 and pulvinar, we observed a statistically significant, pattern structure-aligned modulation of neuronal firing that occurred earliest in the pulvinar, supporting the idea that grouping and detecting complex auditory patterns is a top-down, context-driven process. Besides electrophysiological measures, a pattern-related modulation of pupil diameter verified that, like humans, nonhuman primates consciously detect complex repetitive patterns that lack physical boundaries.

scholarly journals Neural correlates for task switching in the macaque superior colliculus

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 2156-2170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason L. Chan ◽  
Michael J. Koval ◽  
Kevin Johnston ◽  
Stefan Everling
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Task Set ◽  
Macaque Monkeys ◽  
Switch Costs

Successful task switching requires a network of brain areas to select, maintain, implement, and execute the appropriate task. Although frontoparietal brain areas are thought to play a critical role in task switching by selecting and encoding task rules and exerting top-down control, how brain areas closer to the execution of tasks participate in task switching is unclear. The superior colliculus (SC) integrates information from various brain areas to generate saccades and is likely influenced by task switching. Here, we investigated switch costs in nonhuman primates and their neural correlates in the activity of SC saccade-related neurons in monkeys performing cued, randomly interleaved pro- and anti-saccade trials. We predicted that behavioral switch costs would be associated with differential modulations of SC activity in trials on which the task was switched vs. repeated, with activity on the current trial resembling that associated with the task set of the previous trial when a switch occurred. We observed both error rate and reaction time switch costs and changes in the discharge rate and timing of activity in SC neurons between switch and repeat trials. These changes were present later in the task only after fixation on the cue stimuli but before saccade onset. These results further establish switch costs in macaque monkeys and suggest that SC activity is modulated by task-switching processes in a manner inconsistent with the concept of task set inertia. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Task-switching behavior and superior colliculus (SC) activity were investigated in nonhuman primates performing randomly interleaved pro- and anti-saccade tasks. Here, we report error rate and reaction time switch costs in macaque monkeys and associated differences in stimulus-related activity of saccade-related neurons in the SC. These results provide a neural correlate for task switching and suggest that the SC is modulated by task-switching processes and may reflect the completion of task set reconfiguration.

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