Transfer of classical eyeblink conditioning with electrical stimulation of mPFC or tone as conditioned stimulus in guinea pigs

2014 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Yao ◽  
Guang-yan Wu ◽  
Guo-long Liu ◽  
Shu-lei Liu ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Eyeblink Conditioning ◽  
Stimulation Of

Neural Responses to Electrical Stimulation of the Cochlea in Guinea Pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Jun-Ichi Matsushima ◽  
Chihiro Harada ◽  
Noboru Sakai ◽  
Tohru Ifukube ◽  
Makoto Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Stimulation Of

Efferent-mediated protection from acoustic overexposure: relation to slow effects of olivocochlear stimulation

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 506-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Reiter ◽  
M. C. Liberman
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Threshold Shift ◽  
Exposure Condition ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Acoustic Overstimulation ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The present study attempts to resolve discrepancies in the reported role of olivocochlear (OC) efferent activation in protecting the inner ear from acoustic overstimulation: in previous studies, activating the OC system in guinea pigs reduced the threshold shift caused by 1 min monaural exposure to a 10-kHz tone; whereas unilateral OC activation in cats had no effect on threshold shifts following binaural exposure to a 10 min 6-kHz tone. 2. In this study, anesthetized and curarized guinea pigs were exposed either monaurally or binaurally to tones of different duration (1-5 min), frequency (6 to 10 kHz) and intensity (105-118 dB SPL). For each exposure condition, threshold shifts were compared among ears with different levels of OC activation: in some cases, the OC bundle (OCB) was electrically stimulated during (and/or before) the acoustic overexposure; in others, the OCB was cut before the exposure; in control cases, the OCB was neither cut nor electrically stimulated. 3. Electrical stimulation of the OCB delivered simultaneously with acoustic overstimulation produced significant reductions in threshold shift only for acoustic exposures at higher frequencies (8 and 10 kHz) and shorter durations (1 and 2 min). The protective effects on 1-min exposures could be extinguished by prior stimulation of the OCB, i.e., if the OC stimulation was turned on 4 min before the acoustic overexposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Asymmetry in reflex responses of nasal muscles in anesthetized guinea pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Ichi Sekizawa ◽  
Teruhiko Ishikawa ◽  
Giuseppe Sant’Ambrogio
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Reflex Responses ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Nasal Muscles ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Expired Air

Nasal reflexes elicited by mechanical or electrical stimulation of nasal afferents were studied in anesthetized guinea pigs. Probing the nasal cavity of one side evoked a greater activation of the contralateral than the ipsilateral nasal muscles and, occasionally, sneezing. Similarly, electrical stimulation of the ethmoidal nerve often caused sneezing, with a greater activation of the nasal muscles and a greater increase in resistance on the contralateral side. Asymmetrical activation of the nasal muscles in response to mechanical stimuli induces asymmetrical airflows, especially during sneezing, between the two sides of the nasal cavity. Most of the expired air is forcibly blown out through the ipsilateral nostril, thus improving the elimination of irritants from the nose.

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