Factors affecting persistence of terrestrial orchids in wet meadows and implications for their conservation in a changing agricultural landscape

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wotavová ◽  
Z. Balounová ◽  
P. Kindlmann
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Wet Meadows ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids

scholarly journals Determinants of Gender Division in Agricultural Works and Agrobiodiversity Management in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 24-46
Author(s):  
Subodh Khanal ◽  
Asmita Ghimire ◽  
Aastha Acharya ◽  
Anisha Sapkota ◽  
Gokarna Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Male Involvement ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Seed Selection ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Male Domination ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Agricultural Households ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Women's Role

This study was designed to assess the access of Nepalese farmers to the training and extension service, gender division on agricultural work, and factors affecting agrobiodiversity management activities. A total of 2,817 respondents were interviewed at different locations throughout Nepal. The information was collected using the mWater surveyor. Descriptive and inferential analyses were done. The respondents having received training in agriculture were significantly higher among elite, educated, and agricultural households. Access to extension facilities was significantly determined by the type of household, ethnicity, occupation, and education of respondents. Male domination in the choice of crops, land preparation, and seed selection were significantly higher in male-headed households, marginalized groups, and agricultural households. However, females were more likely to be involved in seed sowing. The male domination in male-headed households were significantly higher for applying fertilizers, weeding, irrigation, and pest control. Among elite ethnic groups, domination of males was significantly higher for fertilizer application. The role of the male in agricultural households was significantly higher in all aspects. One unit increase in the area increased the likelihood of male involvement in irrigation by 30%. The males are likely to be more involved in harvesting, sales of products, and control of income. Elite and educated respondents coupled with access to training practiced more crop rotation compared to the rest. The likelihood of practicing intercropping and mixed cropping was influenced by extension facilities and training facilities. Elite groups and farmers with extension facilities tended to practice more agroforestry. So, the types of households, education, and ethnicity have a key role in the gender differentiation in agriculture operation. Moreover, training and extension facilities help a lot in the conservation and practice of agrobiodiversity. There is an urgent need in improving the women's role and overall management of the agricultural landscape.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Songbird Nest Survival in Riparian Forests in a Midwestern Agricultural Landscape

The Auk ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 726-737
Author(s):  
Rebecca G. Peak ◽  
Frank R. Thompson ◽  
Terry L. Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Nest Success ◽  
Riparian Forests ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Habitat Patch ◽  
Buffer Strips ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Northern Cardinal ◽  
Gray Catbird

Abstract We investigated factors affecting nest success of songbirds in riparian forest and buffers in northeastern Missouri. We used an information-theoretic approach to determine support for hypotheses concerning effects of nest-site, habitat-patch, edge, and temporal factors on nest success of songbirds in three narrow (55–95 m) and three wide (400–530 m) riparian forests with adjacent grassland-shrub buffer strips and in three narrow and three wide riparian forests without adjacent grassland-shrub buffer strips. We predicted that temporal effects would have the most support and that habitat-patch and edge effects would have little support, because nest predation would be great across all sites in the highly fragmented, predominantly agricultural landscape. Interval nest success was 0.404, 0.227, 0.070, and 0.186, respectively, for Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis), Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea), and forest interior species pooled (Acadian Flycatcher [Empidonax virescens], Wood Thrush [Hylocichla mustelina], Ovenbird [Seiurus aurocapillus], and Kentucky Warbler [Oporornis formosus]). The effect of nest stage on nest success had the most support; daily nest success for Gray Catbird and Indigo Bunting were lowest in the laying stage. We found strong support for greater nest success of Gray Catbird in riparian forests with adjacent buffer strips than in riparian forests without adjacent buffer strips. Patch width also occurred in the most-supported model for Gray Catbird, but with very limited support. The null model received the most support for Northern Cardinal. Riparian forests provided breeding habitat for area-sensitive forest species and grassland-shrub nesting species. Buffer strips provided additional breeding habitat for grassland-shrub nesting species. Interval nest success for Indigo Bunting and area-sensitive forest species pooled, however, fell well below the level that is likely necessary to balance juvenile and adult mortality, which suggests that when riparian forests are located within agricultural landscapes, the potential even for wide riparian forests with adjacent buffer strips to provide high-quality breeding habitat is severely diminished for some species.

Factors affecting the occurrence of the endangered saproxylic beetle Osmoderma eremita (Scopoli, 1763) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) in an agricultural landscape

2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn F. Dubois ◽  
Vincent Vignon ◽  
Yannick R. Delettre ◽  
Yann Rantier ◽  
Philippe Vernon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Osmoderma Eremita ◽  
Saproxylic Beetle

Factors affecting patch occupancy by the White-browed Treecreeper Climacteris affinis in an agricultural landscape in north-west Victoria, Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Q. Radford ◽  
Andrew F. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Landscape Connectivity ◽  
Patch Occupancy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
North West ◽  
Area Of Occupancy ◽  
Remnant Habitat ◽  
Scattered Trees

The survival of habitat-dependent fauna within agricultural mosaics depends on their ability to occupy remnant habitat patches and move through the modified landscape. In north-west Victoria, Australia, less than 10% of the pre-European extent of Belah Casuarina pauper woodland remains intact due to agricultural development. The White-browed Treecreeper Climacteris affinis, is a small, insectivorous passerine that, in this region, preferentially inhabits Belah woodland. To assess the ability of C. affinis to persist in an agricultural landscape, 30 woodland sites in the Millewa landscape (34�30'S, 141�30'E) were surveyed, and patterns of patch occupancy used to examine the influence of spatial characteristics, landscape context and grazing by stock on the suitability of remnants as C. affinis habitat. Sites occupied by C. affinis were larger and less likely to be grazed by stock than vacant patches. The area-dependency of patch occupancy represents a step-threshold: C. affinis were not detected in remnants with less than 18.5 ha of Belah woodland but above this threshold, density was not correlated with patch area. Measures of patch isolation, the existence of linking linear "corridors" and tree density were not reliable indicators of patch occupancy. The presence of the species in remnants entirely surrounded by agricultural land suggests they are capable of crossing up to 450 m of cultivated land to prospect for habitat. The extensive network of linear vegetation and the numerous small remnants and scattered trees appear to facilitate movements of C. affinis in this landscape. Increasing the size of existing remnants, creating new habitat to expand the area of occupancy and maintaining landscape connectivity are priorities for the long-term management of this threatened species.

Use of farm dams as frog habitat in an Australian agricultural landscape: factors affecting species richness and distribution

2001 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Hazell ◽  
Ross Cunnningham ◽  
David Lindenmayer ◽  
Brendan Mackey ◽  
Will Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Landscape Factors

scholarly journals High-resolution maps of Swiss apiaries and their applicability to study spatial distribution of bacterial honey bee brood diseases

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael S. von Büren ◽  
Bernadette Oehen ◽  
Nikolaus J. Kuhn ◽  
Silvio Erler
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Landscape Type

Honey bees directly affect and are influenced by their local environment, in terms of food sources, pollinator densities, pathogen and toxin exposure and climate. Currently, there is a lack of studies analyzing these data with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to investigate spatial relationships with the environment. Particularly for inter-colonial pathogen transmission, it is known that the likelihood of a healthy colony to become infested (e.g., Varroosis) or infected (e.g., American foulbrood—AFB, European foulbrood—EFB) increases with higher colony density. Whether these transmission paths can actually be asserted at apiary level is largely unknown. Here, we unraveled spatial distribution and high-resolution density of apiaries and bacterial honey bee brood diseases in Switzerland based on available GIS data. Switzerland as ‘model country’ offers the unique opportunity to get apiary data since 2010 owing to compulsory registration for every beekeeper. Further, both destructive bee brood diseases (AFB and EFB) are legally notifiable in Switzerland, and EFB has an epizootic character for the last decades. As governmental data sets have to be ameliorated, raw data from the cantonal agricultural or veterinary offices have been included. We found a mean density of 0.56 apiaries per km2, and high resolution spatial analyzes showed strong correlation between density of apiaries and human population density as well as agricultural landscape type. Concerning two bacterial bee brood diseases (AFB, EFB), no significant correlation was detectable with density of apiaries on cantonal level, though a high correlation of EFB cases and apiary density became obvious on higher resolution (district level). Hence, Swiss EFB epizootics seem to have benefited from high apiary densities, promoting the transmission of pathogens by adult bees. The GIS-based method presented here, might also be useful for other bee diseases, anthropogenic or environmental factors affecting bee colonies.

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