The Changing World: A Literature Review on The Significant Roles of Millennial Women in Malaysia

Every generation is uniquely featured by naturally designed specific characteristics. A generation is influenced by different backgrounds and upbringing, a major factor that differentiates each generation. Specifically, the significance of new millennial women’s role varies from one country to another. The study aims to analyse the significant roles of millennial women in Malaysia by reviewing empirical studies and performing a relevant literature search through specific terms related to the topic. Resultantly, millennial women’s rising earning power provided significant empowerment and stability. High human capital investment also allowed millennial women to manage the changing family institution that indirectly impacts the stability of society. Finally, the study revealed that new millennial women are transforming and continually evolving to navigate a changing world.

Covid-19, Rural Poverty, and Women’s Role in Decision-Making: Evidence from Khatlon Province in Tajikistan

The covid-19 pandemic has had devastating effects globally; it has caused health crises and economic recessions, leading unemployment to spike and disrupting food systems and supply chains. In the heavily remittance-dependent context of Tajikistan, however, migration has continued – and appears to have become increasingly dominated by men. In this context, what has happened to women’s perceptions of economic prospects, as well as the well-being of their households? How has women’s involvement in decision-making evolved? And to what extent do out-migration or in-migration of household members predict changes in women’s decision-making power? We consider these questions using a September – October 2020 phone survey deployed in Khatlon province, Tajikistan that successfully tracked 87% of households that had been surveyed in person in 2018. We find that both genders have similar expectations for their agricultural production (harvests), but women are slightly more likely to identify concerns with rising prices and a lack of access to financial services. Overall, we find little in the way of evidence that women’s involvement in intra-household decision-making declined as a result of the pandemic—though this is from a low base. However, we find that women are less likely than are men to report improvements in women’s decision-making authority. Further, we find that out-migration of household members, which is dominated by men, is associated with improvements in women’s decision-making power, particularly with respect to decisions about how to spend household income. Overall, our results point to the need for additional analyses of the gendered impacts of shocks on women in the Central Asia region.

Gender gaps in Central Asia: A reassessment[1]

The article reviews the latest available statistical information on gender inequalities in labor markets and in access to financial institutions, social services, and education. After a general review of agricultural development, household food security and rural poverty, population structure, and labor outmigration in Central Asia, the article examines the women’s role in the labor market, including both formal and informal female employment, the feminization of agriculture in the region, gender gaps in education and wages, and constraints on women’s access to extension services and land ownership. It is observed that women’s asset ownership rights and their access to supply and product markets are constrained by social norms. The article concludes with some conclusions and policy recommendations. This reassessment is designed to strengthen the qualitative approaches of the gender literature with some quantitative approaches from agricultural and development economics.

Balinese Women's Role and Gender Gap in the Sustainable Tourism Development

This study aims to determine women's role and involvement in the development of sustainable tourism in Bali and to know how Balinese women are the main drivers of cultural and environmental preservation in Bali. The study uses a qualitative method of literature review. The research stage was carried out by collecting literature sources, both primary and secondary. Balinese women have a vital role in the preservation of culture and the environment in Bali. It can be concluded that Balinese women are the drivers of sustainable tourism in several tourism sectors, such as culinary tourism, cultural tourism, and environmental conservation. Balinese women are pioneers in the development of culinary tourism, especially traditional culinary in Bali but are not given many chance to participate in development planning actively. Balinese women are still collided by the patriarchal hegemony in the local traditional culture.

Mulheres, flores e suas prisões: reflexões sobre botânica, gênero e ciência com alunas privadas de liberdade

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa realizada em aulas de ciências desenvolvidas com base na vertente da História Cultural da Ciência com foco nas práticas botânicas durante os séculos XVIII e XIX. A investigação ocorreu junto ao grupo de pesquisa NIEHCC e com alunas privadas de liberdade, quando do estudo de temas do conteúdo de Biologia na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (ecologia, nomenclatura científica, botânica). O recorte histórico suscitou discussões sobre as relações entre gênero e ciência, a partir da discussão da participação feminina na Botânica no recorte histórico selecionado. A pesquisa histórica indicou que as práticas científicas em que as mulheres se envolveram, em geral, eram restritas ao espaço privado e derivaram de um interesse do contato das mulheres com a ciência. O método etnográfico foi escolhido para análise das intervenções em sala de aula. As alunas trouxeram para as aulas temáticas como homossexualidade, machismo, maternidade na adolescência, papel da mulher, diferenças entre os gêneros, opressões, violência masculina no seio familiar e barreiras no acesso da mulher à escola e ao trabalho, apontando que a abordagem da História Cultural da Ciência possibilitou conectar discussões sobre práticas científicas com o contexto das alunas.Women, flower and their prisons: reflections about botany, gender, science and the social condition of women with female students inmatesAbstractThe paper reports the results of a study carried out in science classes from the Cultural History of Science approach, focusing on Botanical practices during the 18th and 19th centuries. The investigation was carried out with the NIEHCC research group and with students deprived of liberty when studying topics of Biology in Youth and Adult Education's mandatory curriculum (ecology, the scientific terminology, botany). The historical episode aimed to raise discussions about the relations between gender and science with the students, as many women participated in Botany in the selected historical section. The historical research indicated that the scientific practices in which women were involved, in general, were restricted to the private space and derived from an interest in women's contact with science. The ethnographic method was chosen to give voice to the speech of the participating students. Themes as homosexuality, sexism, adolescent motherhood, women's role, gender differences, oppression, male violence within the family, and barriers to women's access to school and work emerged in class, which indicates that the historical discussions were related to the students' context. Keywords: Science Education; Gender and Science; Cultural History of Science; Prison Education.

Né vittime, né carnefici. Cittadine. Un’analisi pedagogica dei ruoli delle madri nei percorsi di prevenzione alla radicalizzazione violenta e al terrorismo

Phenomenologies of Islamic terrorism, changing processes of radicalization to violence, and the suicide terrorist attacks perpetrated in many European countries, together constitute a complex educational topic. A topic that defies simplistic readings whereby the drawing of sharp boundaries between ‘us’ and ‘them’, or civilization and barbarism, organizes and reproduces morally reassuring analyses that relieve us of the duty to more thoroughly explore causes and areas of co-responsibility. A combination of pedagogical and gender based analysis can significantly contribute to advancing our knowledge of these phenomena and the related representations, deconstruct the processes underlying them, and inform the design of preventive interventions. More specifically, this article assesses the limitations and risks surrounding women’s role in prevention, also indicating ways in which the positive potential of this role may be explored; it is crucial to avoid re-essentializing the maternal and feminine, while supporting full recognition of women’s status as active and critical citizens

Women’s Significant Roles in Pursuing Hotel Revenue: Case of Bali, Indonesia

This research aims to understand and explain how significant the women’s role in the hotel industry. It is an advanced study which is explores ore from the previous one discussing the women acceptability in the hotel industry in Indonesia, particularly in Bali, with their varied educational background. In fact, this study found that women have significant role in increasing the hotel income through divisions of front office, food and beverage service, and sales. This research was approached qualitatively by conducting depth interviews based on the data that were obtained in 2018 and 2019. As a result, the women in this case tend to have so more hospitality skill that guests feel more comfortable to communicate with them. In addition, the women are also more capable to manage their heart-feeling and to put themselves well according to situations they are in. This capability is then able to persuade the hotel guests to come to the hotels and to have the services. It finally impacts the increasing hotel revenue.

On a Continuum of Roles: Women as Key Socialization Actors of Other Women in Al-Shabaab

In current research the role of women in terrorist organizations has remained largely underexposed. This article responds to the call to draw attention to the active women's role in terrorist organizations by uncovering how women in terrorist organizations, specifically Al-Shabaab, socialize with other women who enter or change roles within the organization. This has been done through a literature review, which integrates the insights drawn from papers on the role of women in terrorist organizations with current knowledge on organizational socialization. The research shows that women are active in a wide array of roles and that they should not only be viewed as passive victims. Furthermore, women already familiar with the terrorist organization are especially important for the socialization of female newcomers and their role in maintaining the terrorist organization should not be ignored. The article also sheds light on how the theory of organizational socialization could be improved. As the results provide a better understanding on how socialization might differ depending on the degree of autonomy the newcomer has and what insights it might provide for other criminal organizations.

Determinants of Gender Division in Agricultural Works and Agrobiodiversity Management in Nepal

This study was designed to assess the access of Nepalese farmers to the training and extension service, gender division on agricultural work, and factors affecting agrobiodiversity management activities. A total of 2,817 respondents were interviewed at different locations throughout Nepal. The information was collected using the mWater surveyor. Descriptive and inferential analyses were done. The respondents having received training in agriculture were significantly higher among elite, educated, and agricultural households. Access to extension facilities was significantly determined by the type of household, ethnicity, occupation, and education of respondents. Male domination in the choice of crops, land preparation, and seed selection were significantly higher in male-headed households, marginalized groups, and agricultural households. However, females were more likely to be involved in seed sowing. The male domination in male-headed households were significantly higher for applying fertilizers, weeding, irrigation, and pest control. Among elite ethnic groups, domination of males was significantly higher for fertilizer application. The role of the male in agricultural households was significantly higher in all aspects. One unit increase in the area increased the likelihood of male involvement in irrigation by 30%. The males are likely to be more involved in harvesting, sales of products, and control of income. Elite and educated respondents coupled with access to training practiced more crop rotation compared to the rest. The likelihood of practicing intercropping and mixed cropping was influenced by extension facilities and training facilities. Elite groups and farmers with extension facilities tended to practice more agroforestry. So, the types of households, education, and ethnicity have a key role in the gender differentiation in agriculture operation. Moreover, training and extension facilities help a lot in the conservation and practice of agrobiodiversity. There is an urgent need in improving the women's role and overall management of the agricultural landscape.