Contribution of predation and parasitism to mortality of citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) populations in Florida

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingfang Xiao ◽  
Jawwad A. Qureshi ◽  
Philip A. Stansly
Keyword(s):  
Phyllocnistis Citrella ◽  
Citrus Leafminer

scholarly journals Anatomical and Histochemical Effects of Feeding by Citrus Leafminer Larvae (Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton) in Citrus Leaves

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Achor ◽  
H. Browning ◽  
L.G. Albrigo
Keyword(s):  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Phyllocnistis Citrella ◽  
Microbial Invasion ◽  
Citrus Leafminer ◽  
Wound Recovery ◽  
Citrus Leaves ◽  
Tissue Recovery ◽  
Outer Cell Wall

Young expanding leaves of `Ambersweet' [Citrus reticulata Blanco × C. paradisi Macf. × C. reticulata) × C. sinensis (L) Osb.] with feeding injury by third larval stage of citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella) were examined by light and electron microscopy for extent of injury and tissue recovery over time. Results confirmed that injury is confined to the epidermal layer, leaving a thin covering over the mine tunnel that consisted of the cuticle and outer cell wall. Wound recovery consisted of two possible responses: the production of callus tissue or the formation of wound periderm. The production of callus tissue developed within 3 days of injury when the uninjured palisade or spongy parenchyma below the injured epidermis produced callus tissue through periclinal or diagonal cell divisions. After 1 month, the entire epidermis was replaced by callus tissue. In the absence of secondary microbial invasion, this callus tissue developed a thick cuticle, followed by development of a covering of platelet wax after 4 months. Alternatively, wound periderm formed if the outer cuticular covering was torn before the cuticle had developed sufficiently to prevent the exposed cells from being desiccated or invaded by fungi, bacteria, or other insects. The wound periderm consisted of a lignified layer of collapsed callus cells, a suberized phellem layer, and a multilayered phelloderm-phellogen. Since there were always cellular collapse or fungi and bacteria associated with wound periderm formation, it was determined to be a secondary effect, not a direct effect of leafminer feeding.

Investigation of the life history and infestation of Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on four different hosts

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339
Author(s):  
Maryam Atapour ◽  
Shiva Osouli
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Phyllocnistis Citrella ◽  
Citrus Leafminer ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
History Of

AbstractPhyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), also known as the citrus leafminer, is a serious pest in Citrus Linnaeus (Rutaceae) nurseries in Iran. Few studies have been performed on the life history of this pest on different citrus hosts. In this work, the infestation rate and biological aspects of P. citrella were investigated using four citrus hosts: Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis (Linnaeus) Osbeck), trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (Linnaeus) Rafinesque), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfadyen), and sweet lemon (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle). Moths preferred laying eggs on leaves with a width ranging from 1–2 cm, and the highest oviposition was observed on the Valencia orange (51.2 eggs/female). The numbers of pupae and infested leaves were significantly higher on C. sinensis and C. aurantifolia. The entire developmental period of the immature stages was 13.8 and 15.4 days in C. aurantifolia and C. sinensis, respectively, while it increased to 21.8 and 24.7 days in C. paradisi and P. trifoliata. The rate of mortality of the immature stage was the highest in these two latter hosts as well (29–31%). Moths showed the highest emergence and longevity on C. sinensis and C. aurantifolia. The results indicate that C. sinensis and C. aurantifolia are susceptible hosts that can be recommended for the mass-rearing of this species in non-chemical pest control programmes.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis, mineral oil, insecticidal emulsion and insecticidal gel against Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Amiri-BeSheli
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Phyllocnistis Citrella ◽  
Citrus Leafminer ◽  
Maximum Period ◽  
Heavy Infestation

The efficacy of <I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I>, mineral oil, insecticidal emulsion (garlic extract, plant detergent soap and food additive) and insecticidal gel (plant oil and plant extracts) to control the citrus leafminer, <I>Phyllocnistis citrella</I>, was examined in laboratory conditions 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after treatments. Leaves of citrus with second and third instars of leafminer larvae were used in all experimental tests. There were significant differences in larvae mortality between control and treatments (<I>P</I> < 0.0001), but no significant differences were found among treatments. Larvae mortality (%) in IE, IG, BT and MO was 67.83 ± 9.10, 62.45 ± 8.10, 49.08 ± 6.70 and 37.70 ± 8.50, respectively. The levels of mortality of larvae 96 and 72 h after treatments were higher than after 48 and 24 hours. The results indicate that 3 days is the maximum period of efficacy for all tested insecticides. In conclusion, the present study showed that under heavy infestation, use of synthetic insecticides is necessary to prevent reinfestation by the citrus leafminer.

Factors influencing adult female oviposition in the citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vercher ◽  
A. Farias ◽  
C. Marzal ◽  
A. Soto ◽  
A. Tena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Phyllocnistis Citrella ◽  
Citrus Leafminer ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals Distribution pattern of developmental stages of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on the surface of citrus leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (89) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Meriem Dahmane ◽  
Gahdab Chakali
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Phyllocnistis Citrella ◽  
Citrus Leafminer ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Citrus Leaves

The leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella (Stainton, 1856) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is considered a potential serious pest of citrus in Algeria. The aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between the ecophases of the citrus leafminer and the leaf surface of the Washington navel citrus variety. Practically all the examined leaves of the young shoots were occupied by at least a developmental stage of this insect. More than 80% of the leafminer ecophases were distributed on the lower surfaces of the leaves. A relationship is highlighted between the leaf surfaces and the stages evolution of citrus leafminer. The choice of area laying by females is decisive for the survival and evolution of stages of development of the insect in relationship with leaf age. The analysis of the eggs distribution revealed that young leaves, with leaf surface smaller than 2 cm², were significantly preferred by females for oviposition. However, the larvae were abundant on leaf surfaces smaller than 6 cm² which provide a favorable environment for the development of larvae in order to realize their respective gallery. The pupal stage was observed almost uniformly on all the analyzed area classes. These results could contribute to the guidelines for pest risk assessment highlighting the intervention for the protection of citrus orchards against heavy infestations of Phyllocnistis citrella.

scholarly journals Synthetic sex pheromone of citrus leafminer in Brazilian citrus groves

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 676-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lia Parra-Pedrazzoli ◽  
Walter Soares Leal ◽  
Evaldo Ferreira Vilela ◽  
Marcelo Costa Mendonça ◽  
José Maurício Simões Bento
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Phyllocnistis Citrella ◽  
Comparable Rate ◽  
Citrus Leafminer ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Trap Color ◽  
Synthetic Sex Pheromone ◽  
Trap Height

The objective of this work was to determine the best conditions of use of the synthetic sex pheromone of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton for monitoring this species in citrus groves in northeastern Brazil. Pheromone doses (0.0, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg) and longevity (1, 15, 29, 43 and 57-day-old lures) and trap height (0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 m), color (green, red, and white) and model influence on P. citrella males capture were evaluated. The doses of 10 and 100 μg of the synthetic sex pheromone - a 3:1 blend of (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal and (Z,Z)-7,11-hexadecadienal - attracted the greatest number of P. citrella males. Traps baited with these two both dosages continued to capture P. citrella males at a comparable rate for over eight weeks in citrus groves. Although there was no significant decrease in activity of both dosages until 57 days of exposure to the environment, the higher dose, as time passed, attracted significantly more P. citrella males than the lower dose. There were no significant differences in male capture in traps with synthetic sex pheromone placed at 1.5 and 2.5 m height, wich had the better results. Trap color and model did not affect male capture.

scholarly journals Abundance of Citrus Leafminer Larvae on Citrus and Citrus-related Germplasm

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1260-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Richardson ◽  
Catherine J. Westbrook ◽  
David G. Hall ◽  
Ed Stover ◽  
Yong Ping Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Phyllocnistis Citrella ◽  
Diaprepes Abbreviatus ◽  
East Central ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Citrus Leafminer ◽  
Biochemical Resistance

The citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is a key pest in most citrus-growing regions worldwide. Adult citrus leafminers oviposit primarily on young elongating flush of Citrus as well as other Rutaceae and some ornamental plants. Larvae feed on the epidermal cell layer of developing leaves and injury to leaves provides a pathway for infection by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Hasse), the causal agent of Asiatic citrus canker. In this study, we quantified abundance of citrus leafminer larvae on progeny of 87 seed parent genotypes of Citrus and Citrus relatives (family Rutaceae) in the field in East–central Florida to identify those that have low abundance of leafminers. Progeny from the 87 parent genotypes varied in abundance of the leafminer. Progeny of 15 parent genotypes had a high mean abundance of more than six leafminers per flush shoot. All but one of these genotypes were in the Citrus genus. Progeny of 16 parent genotypes had zero, or nearly zero, leafminers, but none were from the Citrus genus. However, many of these 16 genotypes were from genera closely related to true citrus (subtribe Citrinae) and are sexually compatible with Citrus. Progeny of two parent genotypes in the subfamily Toddalioideae and Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) Corr. also had a low abundance of leafminer. Glycosmis pentaphylla also is a poor host for the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, and has biochemical resistance to the citrus weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), so this genotype as well as others identified as poor hosts for the leafminer may prove useful in breeding programs aimed at reducing the abundance of multiple insect pests on citrus.

scholarly journals Physiological Characteristics of Citrus Plants Infested with Citrus Leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (sup2) ◽  
pp. S871-S883
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Sajjad Ali ◽  
Naunain Mehmood ◽  
Samina Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Phyllocnistis Citrella ◽  
Citrus Leafminer
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