Manipulation of Predictive and Incentive Value Have Divergent Effects on Sign- and Goal-Tracking Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. S292-S293
Author(s):  
Cristina Maria-Rios ◽  
Christopher Fitzpatrick ◽  
Jonathan D. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Incentive Value ◽  
Goal Tracking ◽  
Tracking Behavior

scholarly journals Iptakalim attenuates self-administration and acquired goal-tracking behavior controlled by nicotine

2013 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Charntikov ◽  
N. Swalve ◽  
S. Pittenger ◽  
K. Fink ◽  
S. Schepers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Administration ◽  
Goal Tracking ◽  
Tracking Behavior

scholarly journals The synthetically produced predator odor 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline increases alcohol self-administration and alters basolateral amygdala response to alcohol in rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viren H. Makhijani ◽  
Janay P. Franklin ◽  
Kalynn Van Voorhies ◽  
Brayden Fortino ◽  
Joyce Besheer
Keyword(s):  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Neuronal Response ◽  
Predator Odor ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Goal Tracking ◽  
Tracking Behavior

AbstractPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric illness that can increase the risk for developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD). While clinical data has been useful in identifying similarities in the neurobiological bases of these disorders, preclinical models are essential for understanding the mechanism(s) by which PTSD increases the risk of developing AUD. The purpose of these studies was to examine if exposure of male Long-Evans rats to the synthetically produced predator odor 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT) would increase alcohol self-administration, potentially by facilitating transfer of salience towards cues, and alter neuronal response to alcohol as measured by the immediate early gene c-Fos. In Experiment 1 rats exposed to repeated (4x) TMT showed reductions in goal-tracking behavior in Pavlovian conditioned approach, and increases in alcohol self-administration. In Experiment 2 rats exposed to repeated TMT showed blunted basolateral amygdala c-Fos response to alcohol, and increased correlation between medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala subregions. In Experiment 3 rats exposed to single, but not repeated TMT showed increases in alcohol self-administration, and no change in anxiety-like behavior or hyperarousal. In Experiment 4, rats showed no habituation of corticosterone response after 4 TMT exposures. In summary, exposure of male rats to TMT can cause escalations in alcohol self-administration, reductions in goal-tracking behavior, and reduction in BLA response to alcohol. These studies outline and utilize a novel preclinical model that can be used to further neurobiological understanding of the relationship between PTSD and AUD.

scholarly journals Subanesthetic ketamine decreases the incentive-motivational value of reward-related cues

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J Fitzpatrick ◽  
Jonathan D Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Reinforcement ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Drug Seeking ◽  
Pavlovian Conditioned Approach ◽  
Motivation To Quit ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Conditioned Approach ◽  
Goal Tracking ◽  
Tracking Behavior

The attribution of incentive-motivational value to reward-related cues contributes to cue-induced craving and relapse in addicted patients. Recently, it was demonstrated that subanesthetic ketamine increases motivation to quit and decreases cue-induced craving in cocaine-dependent individuals. Although the underlying mechanism of this effect is currently unknown, one possibility is that subanesthetic ketamine decreases the incentive-motivational value of reward-related cues. In the present study, we used a Pavlovian conditioned approach procedure to identify sign-trackers, rats that attribute incentive-motivational value to reward-related cues, and goal-trackers, rats that assign only predictive value to reward-related cues. This model is of interest because sign-trackers are more vulnerable to cue-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior and will persist in this drug-seeking behavior despite adverse consequences. We tested the effect of subanesthetic ketamine on the expression of Pavlovian conditioned approach behavior and the conditioned reinforcing properties of a reward-related cue in sign- and goal-trackers. We found that subanesthetic ketamine decreased sign-tracking and increased goal-tracking behavior in sign-trackers, though it had no effect on conditioned reinforcement. These results suggest that subanesthetic ketamine may be a promising pharmacotherapy for addiction that acts by decreasing the incentive-motivational value of reward-related cues.

scholarly journals Adolescent cocaine exposure enhances goal-tracking behavior and impairs hippocampal cell genesis selectively in adult bred low-responder rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 234 (8) ◽  
pp. 1293-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Julia García-Fuster ◽  
Aram Parsegian ◽  
Stanley J. Watson ◽  
Huda Akil ◽  
Shelly B. Flagel
Keyword(s):  
Cocaine Exposure ◽  
Hippocampal Cell ◽  
Low Responder ◽  
Goal Tracking ◽  
Cell Genesis ◽  
Tracking Behavior

scholarly journals A Translational Model to Assess Sign-Tracking and Goal-Tracking Behavior in Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A Joyner ◽  
Ashley N Gearhardt ◽  
Shelly B Flagel
Keyword(s):  
Translational Model ◽  
Sign Tracking ◽  
Goal Tracking ◽  
Tracking Behavior

scholarly journals Effects of predictive and incentive value manipulation on sign- and goal-tracking behavior

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina E. Maria-Rios ◽  
Christopher J. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Jonathan D. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Instrumental Learning ◽  
Simultaneous Presentation ◽  
Neutral Stimulus ◽  
Sign Tracking ◽  
Incentive Value ◽  
Negative Contingency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Goal Tracking ◽  
Tracking Response

AbstractWhen a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an appetitive reward, two different types of conditioned approach responses may develop: a sign-tracking response directed toward the neutral cue, or a goal-tracking response directed toward the location of impending reward delivery. Sign-tracking responses have been postulated to result from attribution of incentive value to conditioned cues, while goal-tracking reflects the assignment of only predictive value to the cue. We therefore hypothesized that sign-tracking would be more sensitive to manipulations of incentive value, while goal-tracking would be more responsive to changes in the predictive value of the cue. We tested sign- and goal-tracking before and after devaluation of a food reward using lithium chloride, and tested whether either response could be learned under negative contingency conditions that precluded any serendipitous reinforcement of the behavior that might support instrumental learning. We also tested the effects on sign- and goal-tracking of blocking the predictive value of a cue using simultaneous presentation of a pre-conditioned cue. We found that sign-tracking was sensitive to outcome devaluation, while goal-tracking was not. We also confirmed that both responses are Pavlovian because they can be learned under negative contingency conditions. Goal-tracking was completely blocked by a pre-conditioned cue, while sign-tracking was only partially reduced. These results indicate that sign- and goal-tracking follow different rules of reinforcement learning and suggest a need to revise current models of associative learning to account for these differences.

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