A Biomarker of Maternal Vicarious Reward Processing and its Association with Parenting Behavior

Children’s Sensitivity to Reward Moderates the Association of Negative and Positive Parenting Behaviors in Child ADHD Symptoms

10.31219/osf.io/wrbsx ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

James Janford Li

Keyword(s):

Parenting Behaviors ◽

Parenting Behavior ◽

Positive Parenting ◽

Reward Processing ◽

Parent Management Training ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Sensitivity To Reward ◽

Negative Parenting ◽

Child Adhd ◽

Reward And Punishment

Atypical reward processing, including abnormal sensitivity to reward and punishment, has long been implicated in the etiology of ADHD. However, little is known about how these facets of behavior interact with positive (e.g., warmth, praise) and negative (e.g., hostility, harsh discipline) parenting behavior in the early expression of ADHD symptoms in young children. Understanding the interplay between children’s reward processing and parenting may be crucial for identifying specific treatment targets in psychosocial interventions for ADHD, especially given that not all children benefit from contingency-based treatments (e.g., parent management training). The study consisted of a community sample of kindergarten children (N = 184, 55% male) and their parents, who completed questionnaires about their parenting practices, their child’s behaviors and participated in an observed parent-child play task in the laboratory. Results showed that children’s sensitivity to reward and punishment were positively associated with child ADHD symptoms. Children’s sensitivity to reward significantly moderated the association of negative and positive parent behaviors on child ADHD symptoms. Children with high sensitivity to reward were less sensitive to variations in parental behavior, whereas children with low sensitivity to reward exhibited fewer ADHD symptoms under conditions of high global (i.e., self-reported) positive parenting, low global negative parenting and low observed negativity. Children’s sensitivity to punishment did not moderate the associations between positive and negative parenting behaviors and child ADHD symptoms. Results provide evidence that atypical reward processing may be an important of marker of risk for ADHD, but also highlights how children’s responses to positive and negative parenting behavior may vary by children’s reward processing. Clinical and treatment implications are discussed.

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Neural Mechanisms of Vicarious Reward Processing in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2020/8014248 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Rachel K. Greene ◽

Cara R. Damiano-Goodwin ◽

Erin Walsh ◽

Joshua Bizzell ◽

Gabriel S. Dichter

Keyword(s):

Neural Substrates ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Reward Processing ◽

Neural Mechanisms ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Adults With Autism ◽

Social Abilities ◽

And Gender ◽

Adults With Asd ◽

Vicarious Reward

Previous studies examining the neural substrates of reward processing in ASD have explored responses to rewards for oneself but not rewards earned for others (i.e., vicarious reward). This omission is notable given that vicarious reward processing is a critical component of creating and maintaining social relationships. The current study examined the neural mechanisms of vicarious reward processing in 15 adults with ASD and 15 age- and gender-matched typically developing controls. Individuals with ASD demonstrated attenuated activation of reward-related regions during vicarious reward processing. Altered connectivity was also observed in individuals with ASD during reward receipt. These findings of altered neural sensitivity to vicarious reward processing may represent a mechanism that hinders the development of social abilities in ASD.

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Effects of Monetary Incentives on Task Switching

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000146 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (4) ◽

pp. 216-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Thomas Kleinsorge ◽

Gerhard Rinkenauer

Keyword(s):

Task Switching ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Reward Processing ◽

General Level ◽

Monetary Incentives ◽

Switch Costs ◽

Expectancy Effect ◽

Reward Expectancy ◽

Trial Basis

In two experiments, effects of incentives on task switching were investigated. Incentives were provided as a monetary bonus. In both experiments, the availability of a bonus varied on a trial-to-trial basis. The main difference between the experiments relates to the association of incentives to individual tasks. In Experiment 1, the association of incentives to individual tasks was fixed. Under these conditions, the effect of incentives was largely due to reward expectancy. Switch costs were reduced to statistical insignificance. This was true even with the task that was not associated with a bonus. In Experiment 2, there was a variable association of incentives to individual tasks. Under these conditions, the reward expectancy effect was bound to conditions with a well-established bonus-task association. In conditions in which the bonus-task association was not established in advance, enhanced performance of the bonus task was accompanied by performance decrements with the task that was not associated with a bonus. Reward expectancy affected mainly the general level of performance. The outcome of this study may also inform recently suggested neurobiological accounts about the temporal dynamics of reward processing.

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