Supplemental Material for Reward Processing in Certain Versus Uncertain Contexts in Schizophrenia: An Event-Related Potential (ERP) Study

Abstract As a cardinal feature of several psychiatric disorders, anhedonia includes a consummatory component (deficits in hedonic response to rewards) and an anticipatory component (a reduced motivation to pursue them). Although being conceptualized as impairments of reward system, the neural characterization of reward processing in anhedonia is hampered by the enormous heterogeneity in the reward phase (‘wanting’ vs ‘liking’) and comorbidity (inherent to disease states). The current event-related potential (ERP) study examined the reward dynamics of anticipatory anhedonia in a non-clinical sample. Anticipatory and consummatory ERP components were assessed with a monetary incentive delay task in a high anticipatory anhedonia (HAA) group and a low anticipatory anhedonia (LAA) group. HAA vs LAA group showed a diminished reward-related speeding during behavioral performance and reported overall reduced positive affect during anticipation and receipt of outcomes. Importantly, neural dynamics underlying reward processing were negatively associated with anticipatory anhedonia across the anticipatory phase indexed by the contingent negative variation and the consummatory phase indexed by the feedback P3. Our results suggest that anticipatory anhedonia in non-clinical individuals is linked to a poor modulation during both anticipatory and consummatory phases of reward processing.

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P.254 An event-related potential study of reward processing in subjects with schizophrenia and healthy controls

European Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.09.293 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. S193

Author(s):

Ö. Akgül ◽

E. Fide ◽

F. Özel ◽

K. Alptekin ◽

G. Yener ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reward Processing ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Potential Study

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The impact of social comparison on the neural substrates of reward processing: An event-related potential study

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.08.025 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 956-962 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Jiang Qiu ◽

Caiyun Yu ◽

Hong Li ◽

Jerwen Jou ◽

Shen Tu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Comparison ◽

Neural Substrates ◽

Reward Processing ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Potential Study ◽

The Impact

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Blunted Neural Reward Responsiveness in Children With Recent Suicidal Ideation

Clinical Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/2167702619856341 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 958-968 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Aliona Tsypes ◽

Max Owens ◽

Brandon E. Gibb

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Initial Response ◽

Reward Processing ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Neural Responses ◽

Reward Responsiveness ◽

Reward Positivity ◽

History Of ◽

The Difference ◽

Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Individuals with suicidal thoughts and behaviors experience abnormalities in reward-related processes, yet little is known about specific components or stages of reward processing that are impaired, especially in children. The primary aim of this study was to conduct an investigation of the Initial Response to Reward subconstruct of the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria in relation to recent suicidal ideation (SI) in children. Participants were 23 children between the ages of 7 and 11 with a history of recent SI and 46 demographically and clinically matched children with no recent SI. Children completed a simple guessing task during which electroencephalographic signals were continuously recorded to isolate the reward positivity (RewP) event-related potential; specifically, we examined change in RewP (∆RewP), quantified as the difference between neural responses to monetary gains and neural responses to monetary losses. Children with recent SI exhibited significantly smaller (i.e., blunted) ∆RewP, providing initial evidence for blunted initial responses to reward in these children.

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Amphetamine alters the Reward Positivity in humans and mice

10.1101/2021.08.25.457689 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

James F Cavanagh ◽

Sarah Olguin ◽

Jo Talledo ◽

Juliana Kotz ◽

Benjamin Roberts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Learning Task ◽

Reward Processing ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Reward Sensitivity ◽

Probabilistic Learning ◽

Reward Positivity ◽

Band Power ◽

Delta Band ◽

The Impact

The development of pro-cognitive therapeutics for psychiatric disorders has been beset with difficulties. This is in part due to the absence of pharmacologically-sensitive cognitive biomarkers common to humans and rodents. Here, we describe a cross-species translational measure of reward processing that is sensitive to the dopamine agonist, d-amphetamine. Motivated by human electroencephalographic (EEG) findings, we recently reported that frontal midline delta-band power is also an electrophysiological biomarker of reward surprise in mice. Here, we determined the impact on this reward-related EEG response from humans (n=23) and mice (n=28) performing a probabilistic learning task under parametric doses of d-amphetamine (human: placebo, 10 mg, 20 mg; mice: placebo, 0.1 mg/kg, 0.3 mg.kg, 1.0 mg/kg). In humans, d-amphetamine boosted the Reward Positivity event-related potential (ERP) component as well as the spectral delta-band representation of this signal. In mice, only the Reward Positivity ERP component was significantly boosted by d-amphetamine. In sum, the present results confirm the role of dopamine in the generation of the Reward Positivity, and support the first pharmacologically valid biomarker of reward sensitivity across species.

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Task Difficulty Regulates How Conscious and Unconscious Monetary Rewards Boost the Performance of Working Memory: An Event-Related Potential Study

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnsys.2021.716961 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Shiyang Xu ◽

Senqing Qi ◽

Haijun Duan ◽

Juan Zhang ◽

Miriam Akioma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Memory Load ◽

Memory Task ◽

Reward Processing ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Difficulty Level ◽

Monetary Rewards ◽

Complex Process ◽

The Difference ◽

Back Task

The performance of working memory can be improved by the corresponding high-value vs. low-value rewards consciously or unconsciously. However, whether conscious and unconscious monetary rewards boosting the performance of working memory is regulated by the difficulty level of working memory task is unknown. In this study, a novel paradigm that consists of a reward-priming procedure and N-back task with differing levels of difficulty was designed to inspect this complex process. In particular, both high-value and low-value coins were presented consciously or unconsciously as the reward cues, followed by the N-back task, during which electroencephalogram signals were recorded. It was discovered that the high-value reward elicited larger event-related potential (ERP) component P3 along the parietal area (reflecting the working memory load) as compared to the low-value reward for the less difficult 1-back task, no matter whether the reward was unconsciously or consciously presented. In contrast, this is not the case for the more difficult 2-back task, in which the difference in P3 amplitude between the high-value and low-value rewards was not significant for the unconscious reward case, yet manifested significance for the conscious reward processing. Interestingly, the results of the behavioral analysis also exhibited very similar patterns as ERP patterns. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the difficulty level of a task can modulate the influence of unconscious reward on the performance of working memory.

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Stressful life events moderate the effect of neural reward responsiveness in childhood on depressive symptoms in adolescence

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291719001557 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (9) ◽

pp. 1548-1555 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Brandon L. Goldstein ◽

Ellen M. Kessel ◽

Autumn Kujawa ◽

Megan C. Finsaas ◽

Joanne Davila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Life Events ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Community Sample ◽

Reward Processing ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Self Report ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Depression Symptoms

AbstractBackgroundReward processing deficits have been implicated in the etiology of depression. A blunted reward positivity (RewP), an event-related potential elicited by feedback to monetary gain relative to loss, predicts new onsets and increases in depression symptoms. Etiological models of depression also highlight stressful life events. However, no studies have examined whether stressful life events moderate the effect of the RewP on subsequent depression symptoms. We examined this question during the key developmental transition from childhood to adolescence.MethodsA community sample of 369 children (mean age of 9) completed a self-report measure of depression symptoms. The RewP to winning v. losing was elicited using a monetary reward task. Three years later, we assessed stressful life events occurring in the year prior to the follow-up. Youth depressive symptoms were rated by the children and their parents at baseline and follow-up.ResultsStressful life events moderated the effect of the RewP on depression symptoms at follow-up such that a blunted RewP predicted higher depression symptoms in individuals with higher levels of stressful life events. This effect was also evident when events that were independent of the youth's behavior were examined separately.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the RewP reflects a vulnerability for depression that is activated by stress.

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Multiple sequential prediction errors during reward processing in the human brain

10.1101/2020.10.20.347740 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Colin W. Hoy ◽

Sheila C. Steiner ◽

Robert T. Knight

Keyword(s):

Reward Processing ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Prediction Errors ◽

Systems Neuroscience ◽

Outcome Valence ◽

Timing Task ◽

Sequential Prediction ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽

Outcome Probability

SUMMARYRecent developments in reinforcement learning, cognitive control, and systems neuroscience highlight the complimentary roles in learning of valenced reward prediction errors (RPEs) and non-valenced salience prediction errors (PEs) driven by the magnitude of surprise. A core debate in reward learning focuses on whether valenced and non-valenced PEs can be isolated in the human electroencephalogram (EEG). Here, we combine behavioral modeling and single-trial EEG regression revealing a sequence of valenced and non-valenced PEs in an interval timing task dissociating outcome valence, magnitude, and probability. Multiple regression across temporal, spatial, and frequency dimensions revealed a spatio-tempo-spectral cascade from valenced RPE value represented by the feedback related negativity event-related potential (ERP) followed by non-valenced RPE magnitude and outcome probability effects indexed by subsequent P300 and late frontal positivity ERPs. The results show that learning is supported by a sequence of multiple PEs evident in the human EEG.

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