EEG activities in the orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the development of morphine dependence, tolerance and withdrawal in rhesus monkeys

2005 ◽  
Vol 1053 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Liu ◽  
Yancheng Liu ◽  
Yaodong Fan ◽  
Hualin Yu ◽  
Fraser A.W. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Morphine Dependence ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Emotional Regulation: Implications for the Psychobiology of Psychotherapy

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan J. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

ABSTRACTA range of studies have contributed to understanding the psychobiology of emotional regulation. Functional imaging studies have demonstrated that cortico-limbic circuitry plays an important role in mediating processes such as reappraisal and suppression. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may be important in conscious reframing, while ventromedial prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex may be particularly important in emotion evaluation. Gene variants and early environments impact underlying emotional regulation and its neurobiology. It may be hypothesized that during interventions such as psychotherapy there are improvements in emotional regulation, together with the normalization of related psycho-biological mechanisms.

Reward-period Activity in Primate Dorsolateral Prefrontal and Orbitofrontal Neurons Is Affected by Reward Schedules

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoe Ichihara-Takeda ◽  
Shintaro Funahashi
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Reward Schedule ◽  
Motivational State ◽  
Reward Delivery ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

Reward-period activity observed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is thought to represent the detection of reward delivery. To investigate whether this activity plays the same role in these areas, we examined this activity under different reward schedules and whether the reward schedule has similar effects on this activity in each of these areas. A monkey performed an oculomotor delayed-response (ODR) task under two reward schedules. In the ODR-1 schedule, the monkey received a large amount of reward only after four successful trials, whereas in the ODR-2 schedule, it received a small amount of reward after every successful trial. Although reward-period activity was observed in both areas, more neurons exhibited this activity in the OFC. Reward-period activity was modulated by the proximity to reward delivery in both areas and this feature was observed more frequently in the OFC. The onset time of this activity also gradually advanced depending on the proximity to reward delivery. Moreover, many OFC neurons with this activity responded to free reward delivery. These results indicate that reward-period activity in the OFC represents the detection of reward delivery and that the gradual change in the magnitude and the onset time of this activity represents the expectation of reward delivery. Similar features of reward-period activity were observed in DLPFC neurons, although a significant number of DLPFC neurons did not respond to free reward delivery and no advance was observed in the onset time of this activity. These results suggest that reward-period activity in the DLPFC participates in whether or not correct performance was achieved. Thus, although similar reward-period activity was observed in both areas, the activity in the OFC represents the detection of reward delivery and is affected by the monkey's motivational state, whereas that in the DLPFC seems to participate in monitoring whether or not the necessary performance is achieved.

scholarly journals Effective connectivity during faces processing in major depression: Distinguishing markers of pathology, risk, and resilience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seda Sacu ◽  
Carolin Wackerhagen ◽  
Susanne Erk ◽  
Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth ◽  
Kristina Schwarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Fusiform Gyrus ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: Aberrant brain connectivity during emotional processing, especially within the fronto-limbic pathway, is one of the hallmarks of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, a lack of systematic approaches in previous studies made it difficult to determine whether a specific alteration in brain connectivity reflects a cause, correlate, or effect of the disorder. The current study aimed to investigate neural mechanisms that correspond to disease, risk and resilience in major depression during implicit processing of emotion cues. Methods: Forty-eight patients with MDD, 49 first-degree relatives of patients with MDD and 103 healthy controls performed a face-matching task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used dynamic causal modelling to estimate task-dependent effective connectivity at the subject level. Parametric empirical Bayes was then performed to quantify group differences in effective connectivity. Results: Depressive pathology was associated with decreased effective connectivity from the left amygdala and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the right fusiform gyrus, whereas familial risk for depression corresponded to decreased connectivity from the right orbitofrontal cortex to the left insula and from the left orbitofrontal cortex to the right fusiform gyrus. Resilience for depression was related to increased connectivity from the anterior cingulate cortex to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the depressive state alters top-down control of higher visual regions during the processing of emotional faces, whereas increased connectivity within the cognitive control network promotes resilience to depression.

scholarly journals Medial orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus differentially represent the event saliency

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jafarpour ◽  
Sandon Griffin ◽  
Jack J. Lin ◽  
Robert T. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Détection Signal ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
High Frequency Activity ◽  
Intracranial Electroencephalography ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Detection Signal

AbstractTwo primary functions attributed to the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex network are retaining the temporal and spatial associations of events and detecting deviant events. It is, however, unclear how these two functions converge onto one mechanism. Here, we tested whether increased activity with perceiving salient events is a deviant detection signal or contains information about the event associations by reflecting the magnitude of deviance (i.e., event saliency). We also tested how the deviant detection signal is affected by the degree of anticipation. We studied regional neural activity when people watched a movie that had varying saliency of a novel or an anticipated flow of salient events. Using intracranial electroencephalography from ten patients, we observed that high-frequency activity (50-150 Hz) in the hippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dorsolateral PFC), and medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) tracked event saliency. We also observed that medial OFC activity was stronger when the salient events were anticipated than when they were novel. These results suggest that dorsolateral PFC and medial OFC, as well as the hippocampus, signify the saliency magnitude of events, reflecting the hierarchical structure of event associations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document