scholarly journals The phonemic restoration effect reveals pre-N400 effect of supportive sentence context in speech perception

2010 ◽  
Vol 1361 ◽  
pp. 54-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Groppe ◽  
Marvin Choi ◽  
Tiffany Huang ◽  
Joseph Schilz ◽  
Ben Topkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Sentence Context ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
Phonemic Restoration ◽  
Restoration Effect

Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Benefit From Audiovisual Speech Cues and Supportive Sentence Context

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Alexandre Chauvin ◽  
Shari Baum ◽  
Natalie A. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Sentence Context ◽  
Speech Perception In Noise ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Speech Cues

Purpose Speech perception in noise becomes difficult with age but can be facilitated by audiovisual (AV) speech cues and sentence context in healthy older adults. However, individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) may present with deficits in AV integration, potentially limiting the extent to which they can benefit from AV cues. This study investigated the benefit of these cues in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), individuals with AD, and healthy older adult controls. Method This study compared auditory-only and AV speech perception of sentences presented in noise. These sentences had one of two levels of context: high (e.g., “Stir your coffee with a spoon”) and low (e.g., “Bob didn't think about the spoon”). Fourteen older controls ( M age = 72.71 years, SD = 9.39), 13 individuals with MCI ( M age = 79.92 years, SD = 5.52), and nine individuals with probable Alzheimer's-type dementia ( M age = 79.38 years, SD = 3.40) completed the speech perception task and were asked to repeat the terminal word of each sentence. Results All three groups benefited (i.e., identified more terminal words) from AV and sentence context. Individuals with MCI showed a smaller AV benefit compared to controls in low-context conditions, suggesting difficulties with AV integration. Individuals with AD showed a smaller benefit in high-context conditions compared to controls, indicating difficulties with AV integration and context use in AD. Conclusions Individuals with MCI and individuals with AD do benefit from AV speech and semantic context during speech perception in noise (albeit to a lower extent than healthy older adults). This suggests that engaging in face-to-face communication and providing ample context will likely foster more effective communication between patients and caregivers, professionals, and loved ones.

Phonemic restoration in a sentence context: Evidence from early and late ERP effects

2006 ◽  
Vol 1121 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Päivi Sivonen ◽  
Burkhard Maess ◽  
Sonja Lattner ◽  
Angela D. Friederici
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Context ◽  
Phonemic Restoration

scholarly journals Spoken Sentence Comprehension in Aphasia: Event-related Potential Evidence for a Lexical Integration Deficit

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Swaab ◽  
Colin Brown ◽  
Peter Hagoort
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Sentence Context ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Final Word ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
Lexical Information ◽  
Preceding Sentence ◽  
Comprehension Deficit

In this study the N400 component of the event-related potential was used to investigate spoken sentence understanding in Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics. The aim of the study was to determine whether spoken sentence comprehension problems in these patients might result from a deficit in the on-line integration of lexical information. Subjects listened to sentences spoken at a normal rate. In half of these sentences, the meaning of the final word of the sentence matched the semantic specifications of the preceding sentence context. In the other half of the sentences, the sentence-final word was anomalous with respect to the preceding sentence context. The N400 was measured to the sentence-final words in both conditions. The results for the aphasic patients (n = 14) were analyzed according to the severity of their comprehension deficit and compared to a group of 12 neurologically unimpaired age-matched controls, as well as a group of 6 nonaphasic patients with a lesion in the right hemisphere. The nonaphasic brain damaged patients and the aphasic patients with a light comprehension deficit (high comprehenders, n = 7) showed an N400 effect that was comparable to that of the neurologically unimpaired subjects. In the aphasic patients with a moderate to severe comprehension deficit (low comprehenders, n = 7), a reduction and delay of the N400 effect was obtained. In addition, the P300 component was measured in a classical oddball paradigm, in which subjects were asked to count infrequent low tones in a random series of high and low tones. No correlation was found between the occurrence of N400 and P300 effects, indicating that changes in the N400 results were related to the patients' language deficit. Overall, the pattern of results was compatible with the idea that aphasic patients with moderate to severe comprehension problems are impaired in the integration of lexical information into a higher order representation of the preceding sentence context.

scholarly journals Seeing and Hearing Meaning: ERP and fMRI Evidence of Word versus Picture Integration into a Sentence Context

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1235-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roel M. Willems ◽  
Aslı Özyürek ◽  
Peter Hagoort
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Semantic Integration ◽  
Sentence Context ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Pictures And Words

Understanding language always occurs within a situational context and, therefore, often implies combining streams of information from different domains and modalities. One such combination is that of spoken language and visual information, which are perceived together in a variety of ways during everyday communication. Here we investigate whether and how words and pictures differ in terms of their neural correlates when they are integrated into a previously built-up sentence context. This is assessed in two experiments looking at the time course (measuring event-related potentials, ERPs) and the locus (using functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI) of this integration process. We manipulated the ease of semantic integration of word and/or picture to a previous sentence context to increase the semantic load of processing. In the ERP study, an increased semantic load led to an N400 effect which was similar for pictures and words in terms of latency and amplitude. In the fMRI study, we found overlapping activations to both picture and word integration in the left inferior frontal cortex. Specific activations for the integration of a word were observed in the left superior temporal cortex. We conclude that despite obvious differences in representational format, semantic information coming from pictures and words is integrated into a sentence context in similar ways in the brain. This study adds to the growing insight that the language system incorporates (semantic) information coming from linguistic and extralinguistic domains with the same neural time course and by recruitment of overlapping brain areas.

scholarly journals Phonemic restoration effect reversed in a reverberant room

2012 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. EL28-EL34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmal Kumar Srinivasan ◽  
Pavel Zahorik
Keyword(s):  
Phonemic Restoration ◽  
Restoration Effect
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