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2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-82
Author(s):  
Rodney Jubilado

Isamal is an Austronesian language spoken by around 8,000 indigenous people of Samal Island, Mindanao, Philippines. Fieldwork has shown that every speaker of Isamal is bilingual in Cebuano, the most dominant language in the island with a population of 104,123 according to Philippine Census (2015). This paper deals with the morphosyntax of Isamal ergatives, and analysis is made using the Minimalist Program with focus on the movement of elements in the structure. Verb morphology is given a description to lend a hand in the analytical scrutiny of the projections of the lexical information encoded in the argument and thematic structures of the verbs. Like all ergatives, Isamal ergatives have only one argument, that is, the theme-DP. There are three primary syntactic structures that are analyzed in this paper, namely, VP, TP, and CP. With the employment of the Minimalist Program for analysis, movement in the ergative structures shows that verbs, arguments and adjuncts can move.


Author(s):  
Tuğba Savran ◽  
Ahmet Hakkı Turabi

In this study, the use of musical elements in the recitations of the Qur'an is examined within the framework of the concept “taghanni” in the light of historical data, lexical information, and technical findings. The concept of “taghanni” (reciting in a melodious voice) is expressed as an indispensable element of the Qur'anic recitation in the hadiths "He who does not recite the Qur'an with taghanni is not from us", “Allah never listens to anything as he listens to a prophet with a beautiful voice chanting the Qur’an aloud”, “Allah the mighty and sublime, never listens to anything as he listens to a prophet chanting the Qur’ân” which are the most important hadiths of the Prophet about the recitation of the Qur'an. Within the framework of these hadiths the use of music in the recitation of the Qur'an (taghanni) will be a very correct step for the Qur'an and humanity to meet, get closer and finally merge. The concept of "taghanni" in the Qur'anic recitations, identical and contradictory meanings and interpretations of the concept, and its jurisprudence are analysed. The existence of taghanni in the recitation of the Qur'an is revealed through the recitation of the verses of Âl-i İmran Surah 190-194 with the help of the piraat sound analysis program. In the same verse sample, the core information about the inner music of the Qur'an is presented. Our study has an importance in terms of handling the Qur'anic recitations musically.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jiawen Shi ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Chiyu Wang ◽  
Zhicheng Pang ◽  
Jiale Zhou

Short text matching is one of the fundamental technologies in natural language processing. In previous studies, most of the text matching networks are initially designed for English text. The common approach to applying them to Chinese is segmenting each sentence into words, and then taking these words as input. However, this method often results in word segmentation errors. Chinese short text matching faces the challenges of constructing effective features and understanding the semantic relationship between two sentences. In this work, we propose a novel lexicon-based pseudo-siamese model (CL2 N), which can fully mine the information expressed in Chinese text. Instead of utilizing a character-sequence or a single word-sequence, CL2 N augments the text representation with multi-granularity information in characters and lexicons. Additionally, it integrates sentence-level features through single-sentence features as well as interactive features. Experimental studies on two Chinese text matching datasets show that our model has better performance than the state-of-the-art short text matching models, and the proposed method can solve the error propagation problem of Chinese word segmentation. Particularly, the incorporation of single-sentence features and interactive features allows the network to capture the contextual semantics and co-attentive lexical information, which contributes to our best result.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris Katsimpokis ◽  
Leendert van Maanen ◽  
Spyridoula Varlokosta

Williams Syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder of genetic origin. The syndrome is characterised by a selective set of deficits in a number of cognitive domains. In spite of a wealth of studies, response times (RTs) of WS have attracted little attention. In the present study, we fill this gap by analysing data from a receptive vocabulary task using the Diffusion Decision Model (DDM). Our results show that the speed of accumulation, decision threshold and non-decision time parameters of WS individuals are similar to these of typically developing 5-year-old preschoolers. In addition, WS verbal intelligence scores were associated with the speed of accumulation of lexical information. Finally, the performance of WS and preschooler individuals was correlated across the vocabulary task and an additional orientation discrimination task only at the group but not at the individual level; therefore, pointing to domain-specific lexical and perceptual processing in WS.


Author(s):  
Yurii Hrytsevych

The article presents a dictionary register fragment of the dialect spoken by the residents of the village of Konyshche in Kovelskyi (before the administrative-territorial reform of 2020 – Ratnivskyi) district of the Volyn region. The object of the description is the native dialect of the compiler himself. The lexical information collected and systematized in the form of a dictionary is of great significance since it is the first attempt to introduce into the Ukrainian dialectological science one more spatial coordinate of the linguistic diversity of the Volynian dialect, and in a broader sense, that of Western Polissia. The dictionary register comprises lexical units of different parts of speech with a quantitative predominance of nouns and verbs. All dictionary entries are arranged alphabetically and reflect a wide range of vocabulary, primarily related to the routine activities of the villagers, rituals, human traits, flora and fauna of the region, etc., situations of informal natural communication of its speakers, their unique spiritual and material culture. Every word meaning is specified by providing a literary equivalent to a dialect word or a description of the object, sign, action, or circumstances denoted by the word. Undoubtedly, the broad involvement of dialect contexts in dictionary entries spotlights the syntagmatic relationship of words, provides a reliable basis for studying the ways of how to construct utterances in accordance with the linguistic and stylistic features of a colloquial folk phrase. There are many cases of expanding the semantic structure of tokens and preservation of archaisms. The study has revealed a considerable number of borrowings and interfering influences of the Polish language. The author concludes that it is difficult to put a full stop in the compilation of a dialect dictionary because even after the publication of the work, the need to record new lexical findings may occur. The analyzed dialect dictionary is an important and promising source of linguistic material for scientific studies in lexicology and the history of the Ukrainian language. It also contributes to a better understanding of the already known dialectological units of speech.


Author(s):  
Fan Yan ◽  
Ming Li

Code summarization aims to summarize code functionality as high-level nature language descriptions to assist in code comprehension. Recent approaches in this field mainly focus on generating summaries for code with precise identifier names, in which meaningful words can be found indicating code functionality. When faced with lexically confusing code, current approaches are likely to fail since the correlation between code lexical tokens and summaries is scarce. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel summarization framework named VECOS. VECOS introduces an erosion mechanism to conquer the model's reliance on precisely defined lexical information. To facilitate learning the eroded code's functionality, we force the representation of the eroded code to align with the representation of its original counterpart via variational inference. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches to generate coherent and reliable summaries for various lexically confusing code.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (38) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Martha Vidal Sepúlveda ◽  
Gabriel Valdés León ◽  
Christian Olivares Rodríguez

The research aims to identify the relationship between the behavior of seeking information on the Internet to solve a research task and the answers given by a group of university students. To do this, a quasi-experimental study was designed, of a quantitative nature, in which both the words used in the web search process and the answers made from it were analyzed. The data was processed thanks to the use of the GoNSA2 platform, which allows monitoring the search process, and the Iramuteq software, oriented towards the analysis of lexical information. Among the main results, we highlight a shift between the topics used in the search and those observed in the response stage and an increase in the categories present in this last stage, which allows considering the search process as an instance of learning.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Im Hong-Pin ◽  

This paper aims to make it clear that syntactic analysis should be based on the lexical information given in the lexicon. For this purpose, lexical information of the syntactic argument is to be taken the form like [VP NKP, _, DKP, AKP] for the ditransitive verb give in English. The argument structure projects to syntactic structure. The NKP in this structure becomes VP-subject, but there is another subject called S-subject (Sentence-Subject) below S node. This amounts to Two-Subject Hypothesis for English. Between these two subjects, there intervene Conjugation-Like Elements, enriched by close examination of English verbal conjugation. Two-Subject Hypothesis perfectly accounts for peculiarities of the Expletive There (ET)construction. Restructuring can also explain the so-called Long Distance Wh-interrogative without introducing Wh-movement, and it can also explain why the imperative verbs are taking the base forms. It can also explain the characteristics of adjective imperatives by the same principles as applied to verbal imperatives. We try to deal with the other subtle problems, to get fruitful results. Restructuring approach, we think, provides more convincing explanations than the movement one.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikole Giovannone ◽  
Rachel M. Theodore

Previous research suggests that individuals with weaker receptive language show increased reliance on lexical information for speech perception relative to individuals with stronger receptive language, which may reflect a difference in how acoustic-phonetic and lexical cues are weighted for speech processing. Here we examined whether this relationship is the consequence of conflict between acoustic-phonetic and lexical cues in speech input, which has been found to mediate lexical reliance in sentential contexts. Two groups of participants completed standardized measures of language ability and a phonetic identification task to assess lexical recruitment (i.e., a Ganong task). In the high conflict group, the stimulus input distribution removed natural correlations between acoustic-phonetic and lexical cues, thus placing the two cues in high competition with each other; in the low conflict group, these correlations were present and thus competition was reduced as in natural speech. The results showed that 1) the Ganong effect was larger in the low compared to the high conflict condition in single-word contexts, suggesting that cue conflict dynamically influences online speech perception, 2) the Ganong effect was larger for those with weaker compared to stronger receptive language, and 3) the relationship between the Ganong effect and receptive language was not mediated by the degree to which acoustic-phonetic and lexical cues conflicted in the input. These results suggest that listeners with weaker language ability down-weight acoustic-phonetic cues and rely more heavily on lexical knowledge, even when stimulus input distributions reflect characteristics of natural speech input.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaoyan Chen ◽  
Pan Hu ◽  
Ernesto Jimenez-Ruiz ◽  
Ole Magnus Holter ◽  
Denvar Antonyrajah ◽  
...  

AbstractSemantic embedding of knowledge graphs has been widely studied and used for prediction and statistical analysis tasks across various domains such as Natural Language Processing and the Semantic Web. However, less attention has been paid to developing robust methods for embedding OWL (Web Ontology Language) ontologies, which contain richer semantic information than plain knowledge graphs, and have been widely adopted in domains such as bioinformatics. In this paper, we propose a random walk and word embedding based ontology embedding method named , which encodes the semantics of an OWL ontology by taking into account its graph structure, lexical information and logical constructors. Our empirical evaluation with three real world datasets suggests that benefits from these three different aspects of an ontology in class membership prediction and class subsumption prediction tasks. Furthermore, often significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in our experiments.


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