Evaluation of the bilateral cardiac afferent distribution at the spinal and vagal ganglia by retrograde labeling

AbstractOrthodontic tooth movement elicits alveolar bone remodeling and orofacial pain that is manifested by tooth mechanical hyperalgesia. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is upregulated in periodontium and may modulate tooth mechanical hyperalgesia. The objectives were to examine the role of NGF in tooth mechanical hyperalgesia and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Tooth mechanical hyperalgesia was induced by ligating closed coil springs between incisors and molars in Sprague–Dawley rats. Retrograde labeling was performed by periodontal administration of fluor-conjugated NGF and the detection of fluorescence in trigeminal ganglia (TG). Lentivirus vectors carrying NGF shRNA were employed to knockdown the expression of NGF in TG. The administration of agonists, antagonists, and virus vectors into TG and periodontium was conducted. Tooth mechanical hyperalgesia was examined through the threshold of biting withdrawal. Our results revealed that tooth movement elicited tooth mechanical hyperalgesia that could be alleviated by NGF neutralizing antibody and that NGF was upregulated in periodontium (mainly in periodontal fibroblasts) and TG. Retrograde labeling revealed that periodontal NGF was retrogradely transported to TG after day 1. Acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) and NGF were co-expressed in trigeminal neurons and the percentage of co-expression was significantly higher following tooth movement. The administration of NGF and NGF neutralizing antibody into TG could upregulate and downregulate the expression of ASIC3 in TG, respectively. NGF aggravated tooth mechanical hyperalgesia that could be alleviated by ASIC3 antagonist (APETx2). Moreover, NGF neutralizing antibody mitigated tooth mechanical hyperalgesia that could be recapitulated by ASIC3 agonist (GMQ). NGF-based gene therapy abolished tooth mechanical hyperalgesia and downregulated ASIC3 expression. Taken together, in response to force stimuli, periodontal fibroblasts upregulated the expressions of NGF that was retrogradely transported to TG, where NGF elicited tooth mechanical hyperalgesia through upregulating ASIC3. NGF-based gene therapy is a viable method in alleviating tooth-movement-induced mechanical hyperalgesia.

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Hypothalamic descending dopamine projections of rat as revealed by retrograde labeling and immunohistochemistry

Neuroscience Research Supplements ◽

10.1016/0921-8696(92)90819-m ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Toshihiro Maeda ◽

Junko Nakajima

Keyword(s):

Retrograde Labeling

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Serotoninergic projections from the raphe nuclei to the preoptic area in sheep as revealed by immunohistochemistry and retrograde labeling

The Journal of Comparative Neurology ◽

10.1002/cne.903200210 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 320 (2) ◽

pp. 267-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Yves Tillet

Keyword(s):

Preoptic Area ◽

Raphe Nuclei ◽

Retrograde Labeling ◽

Raphé Nuclei

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Septohippocampal connections to field CA1 of the rat identified with field potential analysis and retrograde labeling by horseradish peroxidase

Neuroscience Letters ◽

10.1016/0304-3940(85)90322-2 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hiroshi Oka ◽

Kazunori Yoshida

Keyword(s):

Horseradish Peroxidase ◽

Field Potential ◽

Potential Analysis ◽

Retrograde Labeling ◽

Field Ca1

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Hypoglossal-facial ‘side’-to-side neurorrhaphy combined with electrical myostimulation for facial palsy in rats

Translational Neuroscience ◽

10.1515/tnsci-2018-0025 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 167-174

Author(s):

Binbin Wang ◽

Shiwei Wang ◽

Song Liu ◽

Shaodong Zhang ◽

Dezhi Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Facial Nerve ◽

Motor Neurons ◽

Functional Recovery ◽

Rat Model ◽

Facial Palsy ◽

Crush Injury ◽

Nerve Crush ◽

Retrograde Labeling ◽

Electrophysiological Examination ◽

Nerve Crush Injury

Abstract Introduction This study investigated the effect of combining hypoglossal-facial nerve “side”-to-side neurorrhaphy and electrical myostimulation in a rat model of facial palsy. Methods Rats with facial nerve crush injury were subjected to control condition, monotherapy of either neurorrhaphy or electrical myostimulation, or bitherapy of the two treatments. After 1, 3, and 6 months, rats were performed the facial symmetry evaluation, electrophysiological examination and the retrograde labeling of motor neurons. Results As early as 3 months after injury, face symmetry significantly improved in rats of the bitherapy group. At 3 or 6 months after injury, either the parameters of electrophysiological examination or the number of labeled motor neurons were significantly increased in the bitherapy group than in any other group. Discussion The combination of neurorrhaphy and electrical myostimulation effectively promoted the functional recovery after facial nerve crush injury.

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