Hypothalamic descending dopamine projections of rat as revealed by retrograde labeling and immunohistochemistry

AbstractOrthodontic tooth movement elicits alveolar bone remodeling and orofacial pain that is manifested by tooth mechanical hyperalgesia. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is upregulated in periodontium and may modulate tooth mechanical hyperalgesia. The objectives were to examine the role of NGF in tooth mechanical hyperalgesia and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Tooth mechanical hyperalgesia was induced by ligating closed coil springs between incisors and molars in Sprague–Dawley rats. Retrograde labeling was performed by periodontal administration of fluor-conjugated NGF and the detection of fluorescence in trigeminal ganglia (TG). Lentivirus vectors carrying NGF shRNA were employed to knockdown the expression of NGF in TG. The administration of agonists, antagonists, and virus vectors into TG and periodontium was conducted. Tooth mechanical hyperalgesia was examined through the threshold of biting withdrawal. Our results revealed that tooth movement elicited tooth mechanical hyperalgesia that could be alleviated by NGF neutralizing antibody and that NGF was upregulated in periodontium (mainly in periodontal fibroblasts) and TG. Retrograde labeling revealed that periodontal NGF was retrogradely transported to TG after day 1. Acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) and NGF were co-expressed in trigeminal neurons and the percentage of co-expression was significantly higher following tooth movement. The administration of NGF and NGF neutralizing antibody into TG could upregulate and downregulate the expression of ASIC3 in TG, respectively. NGF aggravated tooth mechanical hyperalgesia that could be alleviated by ASIC3 antagonist (APETx2). Moreover, NGF neutralizing antibody mitigated tooth mechanical hyperalgesia that could be recapitulated by ASIC3 agonist (GMQ). NGF-based gene therapy abolished tooth mechanical hyperalgesia and downregulated ASIC3 expression. Taken together, in response to force stimuli, periodontal fibroblasts upregulated the expressions of NGF that was retrogradely transported to TG, where NGF elicited tooth mechanical hyperalgesia through upregulating ASIC3. NGF-based gene therapy is a viable method in alleviating tooth-movement-induced mechanical hyperalgesia.

Download Full-text

Serotoninergic projections from the raphe nuclei to the preoptic area in sheep as revealed by immunohistochemistry and retrograde labeling

The Journal of Comparative Neurology ◽

10.1002/cne.903200210 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 320 (2) ◽

pp. 267-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Yves Tillet

Keyword(s):

Preoptic Area ◽

Raphe Nuclei ◽

Retrograde Labeling ◽

Raphé Nuclei

Download Full-text

Septohippocampal connections to field CA1 of the rat identified with field potential analysis and retrograde labeling by horseradish peroxidase

Neuroscience Letters ◽

10.1016/0304-3940(85)90322-2 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hiroshi Oka ◽

Kazunori Yoshida

Keyword(s):

Horseradish Peroxidase ◽

Field Potential ◽

Potential Analysis ◽

Retrograde Labeling ◽

Field Ca1

Download Full-text

Hypoglossal-facial ‘side’-to-side neurorrhaphy combined with electrical myostimulation for facial palsy in rats

Translational Neuroscience ◽

10.1515/tnsci-2018-0025 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 167-174

Author(s):

Binbin Wang ◽

Shiwei Wang ◽

Song Liu ◽

Shaodong Zhang ◽

Dezhi Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Facial Nerve ◽

Motor Neurons ◽

Functional Recovery ◽

Rat Model ◽

Facial Palsy ◽

Crush Injury ◽

Nerve Crush ◽

Retrograde Labeling ◽

Electrophysiological Examination ◽

Nerve Crush Injury

Abstract Introduction This study investigated the effect of combining hypoglossal-facial nerve “side”-to-side neurorrhaphy and electrical myostimulation in a rat model of facial palsy. Methods Rats with facial nerve crush injury were subjected to control condition, monotherapy of either neurorrhaphy or electrical myostimulation, or bitherapy of the two treatments. After 1, 3, and 6 months, rats were performed the facial symmetry evaluation, electrophysiological examination and the retrograde labeling of motor neurons. Results As early as 3 months after injury, face symmetry significantly improved in rats of the bitherapy group. At 3 or 6 months after injury, either the parameters of electrophysiological examination or the number of labeled motor neurons were significantly increased in the bitherapy group than in any other group. Discussion The combination of neurorrhaphy and electrical myostimulation effectively promoted the functional recovery after facial nerve crush injury.

Download Full-text

Progesterone restores retrograde labeling of cervical motoneurons in Wobbler mouse motoneuron disease

Experimental Neurology ◽

10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.06.015 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 195 (2) ◽

pp. 518-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Maria Claudia Gonzalez Deniselle ◽

Laura Garay ◽

Susana Gonzalez ◽

Rachida Guennoun ◽

Michael Schumacher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motoneuron Disease ◽

Retrograde Labeling ◽

Wobbler Mouse

Download Full-text

A Novel Method for Simultaneous Anterograde and Retrograde Labeling of Spinal Cord Motor Tracts in the Same Animal

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/002215540104900905 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 49 (9) ◽

pp. 1111-1122 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Eve C. Tsai ◽

Rita L. van Bendegem ◽

Steven W. Hwang ◽

Charles H. Tator

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Regeneration ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Retrograde Labeling ◽

Repair Strategy ◽

Motor Tracts ◽

Novel Method ◽

Adult Spinal Cord ◽

Anterograde And Retrograde Tracing ◽

Spinal Cord Repair

Examination of repaired spinal cord tracts has usually required separate groups of animals for anterograde and retrograde tracing owing to the incompatibility of techniques such as tissue fixation. However, anterograde and retrograde labeling of different animals subjected to the same repair may not allow accurate examination of that repair strategy because widely variable results can occur in animals subjected to the same strategy. We have developed a reliable method of labeling spinal cord motor tracts bidirectionally in the same animal using DiI, a lipophilic dye, to anterogradely label the corticospinal tract and Fluoro-Gold (FG) to retrogradely label cortical and brainstem neurons of several spinal cord motor tracts in normal and injured adult rats. Other tracer combinations (lipophilic dyes or fluorescent dextrans) were also investigated but were less effective. We also developed methods to minimize autofluorescence with the DiI/FG technique, and found that the DiI/FG technique is compatible with decalcification and immunohistochemistry for several markers relevant for studies of spinal cord regeneration. Thus, the use of anterograde DiI and retrograde FG is a novel technique for bidirectional labeling of the motor tracts of the adult spinal cord with fluorescent tracers and should be useful for demonstrating neurite regeneration in studies of spinal cord repair. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:1111–1122, 2001)

Download Full-text