Dynamic muscle-tendon length following zone 2 calf lengthening surgery in two populations with equinus gait: Idiopathic Toe Walkers and Cerebral Palsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 105323
Author(s):  
Alexis Brierty ◽  
Henry Patrick John Walsh ◽  
Paula Jeffries ◽  
David Graham ◽  
Sean Horan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Tendon Length ◽  
Two Populations

scholarly journals The importance of a consistent workflow to estimate muscle-tendon lengths based on joint angles from the conventional gait model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Kainz ◽  
Michael H Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Inverse Kinematics ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Joint Kinematics ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Tendon Length ◽  
Musculoskeletal Models ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal models enable us to estimate muscle-tendon length, which has been shown to improve clinical decision-making and outcomes in children with cerebral palsy. Most clinical gait analysis services, however, do not include muscle-tendon length estimation in their clinical routine. This is due, in part, to a lack of knowledge and trust in the musculoskeletal models, and to the complexity involved in the workflow to obtain the muscle-tendon length.Research questionCan the joint angles obtained with the conventional gait model (CGM) be used to generate accurate muscle-tendon length estimates?MethodsThree-dimensional motion capture data of 15 children with cerebral palsy and 15 typically developing children were retrospectively analyzed and used to estimate muscle-tendon length with the following four modelling frameworks: (1) 2392-OSM-IK-angles: standard OpenSim workflow including scaling, inverse kinematics and muscle analysis; (2) 2392-OSM-CGM-angle: generic 2392-OpenSim model driven with joint angles from the CGM; (3) modif-OSM-IK-angles: standard OpenSim workflow including inverse kinematics and a modified model with segment coordinate systems and joint degrees-of-freedom similar to the CGM; (4) modif-OSM-CGM-angles: modified model driven with joint angles from the CGM. Joint kinematics and muscle-tendon length were compared between the different modelling frameworks.ResultsLarge differences in hip joint kinematics were observed between the CGM and the 2392-OpenSim model. The modif-OSM showed similar kinematics as the CGM. Muscle-tendon length obtained with modif-OSM-IK-angles and modif-OSM-CGM-angles were similar, whereas large differences in some muscle-tendon length were observed between 2392-OSM-IK-angles and 2392-OSM-CGM-angles.SignificanceThe modif-OSM-CGM-angles framework enabled us to estimate muscle-tendon lengths without the need for scaling a musculoskeletal model and running inverse kinematics. Hence, muscle-tendon length estimates can be obtained simply, without the need for the complexity, knowledge and time required for musculoskeletal modeling and associated software. An instruction showing how the framework can be used in a clinical setting is provided on https://github.com/HansUniVie/MuscleLength.

Achilles Tendon Length and Medial Gastrocnemius Architecture in Children With Cerebral Palsy and Equinus Gait

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tishya A. L. Wren ◽  
Allison P. Cheatwood ◽  
Susan A. Rethlefsen ◽  
Reiko Hara ◽  
Francisco J. Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Tendon Length ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Achilles Tendon Length

scholarly journals Enhanced nociception in a rabbit model of cerebral palsy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J Reedich ◽  
Landon T Genry ◽  
Clarissa Fantin Cavarsan ◽  
Elvia Mena Avila ◽  
Meredith A. Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Motor Circuits ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Isolectin B4 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Populations

The most prevalent comorbidity of cerebral palsy (CP) is pain. In order to investigate the relationship between perinatal injuries that cause CP and nociception, we investigated mechanical and thermal sensitivity of New Zealand White rabbit kits after prenatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI), sham surgery without hypoxia, and after a typical, unperturbed gestation. A range of motor deficits were observed in kits born naturally after HI (40 minutes at 70-80% gestation) as previously described. We found that HI caused mechanical and thermal allodynia at postnatal day 5, which was accompanied by an expansion of peptidergic afferents (marked by expression of calcitonin gene related peptide; CGRP) in both the superficial and deep dorsal horn. Non-peptidergic afferents (marked by expression of isolectin B4; IB4) were unaltered in HI kits but overlap of the two populations (peptidergic and nonpeptidergic nociceptors) was increased by HI. Interestingly, HI-subjected rabbits exhibited allodynia, even in the absence of motor deficits. HI motor affected and unaffected kits had similar thermal sensitivity but affected kits had less mechanical sensitivity than HI unaffected kits. These findings suggest that prenatal neural injuries impact sensory and motor networks independently and that developing sensory circuits may be more vulnerable than motor circuits to perturbation by prenatal hypoxic-ischemic injury. In conclusion, pain experienced by individuals with CP could arise from developmental insults capable of causing the condition, and therapeutics that specifically target altered nociception in these individuals could be beneficial for treating and preventing chronic pain.

scholarly journals Comparison of mortality and rates of cerebral palsy in two populations of very low birthweight infants.

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. F96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Ens-Dokkum ◽  
A Johnson ◽  
A M Schreuder ◽  
S Veen ◽  
A R Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Very Low Birthweight ◽  
Very Low Birthweight Infants ◽  
Two Populations

Prevalence of Speech Problems and the Use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Registry-Based Study in Norway

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guro Andersen ◽  
Tone R. Mjøen ◽  
Torstein Vik
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Function ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Communicative Abilities ◽  
Normal Speech

Abstract This study describes the prevalence of speech problems and the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Norway. Information on the communicative abilities of 564 children with CP born 1996–2003, recorded in the Norwegian CP Registry, was collected. A total of 270 children (48%) had normal speech, 90 (16%) had slightly indistinct speech, 52 (9%) had indistinct speech, 35 (6%) had very indistinct speech, 110 children (19%) had no speech, and 7 (1%) were unknown. Speech problems were most common in children with dyskinetic CP (92 %), in children with the most severe gross motor function impairments and among children being totally dependent on assistance in feeding or tube-fed children. A higher proportion of children born at term had speech problems when compared with children born before 32 weeks of gestational age 32 (p > 0.001). Among the 197 children with speech problems only, 106 (54%) used AAC in some form. Approximately 20% of children had no verbal speech, whereas ~15% had significant speech problems. Among children with either significant speech problems or no speech, only 54% used AAC in any form.

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