Blaschko lines and other patterns of cutaneous mosaicism

In the course of their migration the neural crest cells reach all parts of the developing embryo. The frst wave of the derivatives of these cells the melanoblasts and melanocytes harbour in the epidermis and hair follicles during the dorsolateral migration. A number of signal molecules and proteases play an important role in the course of melanocyte migration through the extracellular matrix. The Mongolian spots appear as a consequence of the transient inhibition of melanocyte migration and in the case of fnal obstruction the Ota-, or. Ito nevuses. The Blaschko lines based on cutaneous mosaicism are of great diagnostic importance and on the ground of these lines the blaschkitises can appear under the exogenous factors. The blaschkolinear acquired infammatory skin eruption (BLAISE) is an acquired infammatory process. One of its variants is the lichen striatus and the other is the blaschkitis. The blaschkolinear dermatoses can appear usually as a nevoid disease. The pathological development of the neural crest cells can induce pathological processes in other tissues of the body as well, which may appear in the form of the so-called neurocristopathies including approximately ffty manifestations. The knowledge of the diferent pigmentation forms as well as the pathological symptoms of neurocristopathies is of great importance for the clinican from a diagnostic point of view.

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Acne Syndromes and Mosaicism

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9111735 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1735

Author(s):

Sumer Baroud ◽

Jim Wu ◽

Christos C. Zouboulis

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽

Somatic Mosaicism ◽

Apert Syndrome ◽

Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽

Inflammatory Signaling ◽

Autoinflammatory Syndromes ◽

Fgfr2 Gene ◽

Cutaneous Mosaicism ◽

Inflammatory Changes ◽

Ovarian Syndrome

Abnormal mosaicism is the coexistence of cells with at least two genotypes, by the time of birth, in an individual derived from a single zygote, which leads to a disease phenotype. Somatic mosaicism can be further categorized into segmental mosaicism and nonsegmental somatic mosaicism. Acne is a chronic illness characterized by inflammatory changes around and in the pilosebaceous units, commonly due to hormone- and inflammatory signaling-mediated factors. Several systemic disorders, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and seborrhoea-acne-hirsutism-androgenetic alopecia syndrome have classically been associated with acne. Autoinflammatory syndromes, including PAPA, PASH, PAPASH, PsAPASH, PsaPSASH, PASS, and SAPHO syndromes include acneiform lesions as a key manifestation. Mosaic germline mutations in the FGFR2 gene have been associated with Apert syndrome and nevus comedonicus, two illnesses that are accompanied by acneiform lesions. In this review, we summarize the concept of cutaneous mosaicism and elaborate on acne syndromes, as well as acneiform mosaicism.

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Mixed vitiligo of Blaschko lines: a newly discovered presentation of vitiligo responsive to combination treatment

Dermatologic Therapy ◽

10.1111/dth.12345 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 240-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maja Kovacevic ◽

Andrija Stanimirovic ◽

Majda Vucic ◽

Andy Goren ◽

Mirna Situm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Combination Treatment ◽

Blaschko Lines

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Visual Dermatology: Nevus Unius Lateris Along Blaschko Lines

Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1203475419860504 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 96-96

Author(s):

Yousef M. Nofal

Keyword(s):

Blaschko Lines

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Epileptic Spasms in an Infant with Incontinentia Pigmenti: Report of a Rare Case with Brief Review of the Literature

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1709246 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (02) ◽

pp. 325-328

Author(s):

Indar Kumar Sharawat ◽

Prateek Kumar Panda

Keyword(s):

Case Reports ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Clonic Seizure ◽

Considerable Proportion ◽

Diagnostic Feature ◽

Incontinentia Pigmenti ◽

Pigmented Lesions ◽

Epileptic Spasms ◽

Hormone Injection ◽

Blaschko Lines

AbstractIncontinentia pigmenti (IP) or Bloch–Sulzberger’s disease is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome with dermatological, neurologic, and systemic manifestations including retinal, dental and hair abnormalities. It follows X-linked dominant inheritance and predominantly affects female children. The characteristic evolution of skin lesions in four stages is a hallmark diagnostic feature of the disease. The pigmented lesions of IP are usually distributed in linear streaks, macular whorls, reticulated patches, and flecks along the Blaschko lines. Neurologic morbidities are found in a considerable proportion of affected children, and the spectrum includes seizures, neuromotor impairment, microcephaly, developmental delay, and intellectual disability. Seizures are reported in 10% to 25% of children with IP in various previous clinical studies. The majority of these children had seizures in the neonatal period or early infancy, and focal–clonic seizure is the commonest observed semiology. However, there are only a few case reports of infants with IP with epileptic spasms. In this report, the clinical course of a 6-month-old girl with IP and epileptic spasms has been described, who responded favorably to treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone injection. Clinicians managing children with IP should be aware of their predisposition to develop epileptic spasms and consider neuroimaging, electroencephalogram, and other investigations accordingly.

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