Deconvolution of overlapping cortical auditory evoked potentials recorded using short stimulus onset-asynchrony ranges

2014 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 814-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Bardy ◽  
Bram Van Dun ◽  
Harvey Dillon ◽  
Catherine M. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Short Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Short Stimulus ◽  
Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Onset Asynchrony

Does Self-Associating a Geometric Shape Immediately Cause Attentional Prioritization?

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 335-348
Author(s):  
Gabriela Orellana-Corrales ◽  
Christina Matschke ◽  
Ann-Katrin Wesslein
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Short Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Short Stimulus ◽  
Own Name ◽  
Onset Asynchrony

Abstract. In many cognitive tasks, stimuli associated with one’s self elicit faster responses than stimuli associated with others. This is true for familiar self-representations (e.g., one’s own name), for new self-associated stimuli, and for combinations of both. The current research disentangles the potential of self- versus stranger-representations for familiar, new, and paired (familiar + new) stimuli to guide attention. In Study 1 ( N = 34), responses to familiar and new self- versus other representations were tested in a dot-probe task with a short stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA; 100 ms). Study 2 ( N = 31) and Study 3 ( N = 35) use a long SOA (1,000 ms) to test whether the findings are mirrored in inhibition of return (IOR). We observe significant performance differences for targets following self- versus stranger-associated stimuli (i.e., a cuing effect or IOR depending on the SOA length), yet only when familiar representations are present. This indicates that, under conditions of attentional competition between self- and stranger-representations, familiar self-representations impact the distribution of attention while new self-representations alone do not.

Facilitation and inhibition caused by the orienting of attention in propositional reasoning tasks

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1496-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Cherubini ◽  
Alberto Mazzocco ◽  
Stefano Minelli
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Short Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
Spatial Orienting ◽  
Short Stimulus ◽  
Reasoning Tasks ◽  
Onset Asynchrony

In an attempt to study the orienting of attention in reasoning, we developed a set of propositional reasoning tasks structurally similar to Posner's (1980) spatial cueing paradigm, widely used to study the orienting of attention in perceptual tasks. We cued the representation in working memory of a reasoning premise, observing whether inferences drawn using that premise or a different, uncued one were facilitated, hindered, or unaffected. The results of Experiments 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d, using semantically (1a–1c) or statistically (1d) informative cues, showed a robust, long-lasting facilitation for drawing inferences from the cued rule. In Experiment 2, using uninformative cues, inferences from the cued rule were facilitated with a short stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), whereas they were delayed when the SOA was longer, an effect that is similar to the “inhibition of return” (IOR) in perceptual tasks. Experiment 3 used uninformative cues, three different SOAs, and inferential rules with disjunctive antecedents, replicating the IOR-like effect with the long SOAs and, at the short SOA, finding evidence of a gradient-like behaviour of the facilitation effect. Our findings show qualitative similarities to some effects typically observed in the orienting of visual attention, although the tasks did not involve spatial orienting.

Putative mechanisms mediating tolerance for audiovisual stimulus onset asynchrony

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 1437-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Bhat ◽  
Lee M. Miller ◽  
Mark A. Pitt ◽  
Antoine J. Shahin
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Audiovisual Stimulus ◽  
Mouth Movement ◽  
Onset Asynchrony

Audiovisual (AV) speech perception is robust to temporal asynchronies between visual and auditory stimuli. We investigated the neural mechanisms that facilitate tolerance for audiovisual stimulus onset asynchrony (AVOA) with EEG. Individuals were presented with AV words that were asynchronous in onsets of voice and mouth movement and judged whether they were synchronous or not. Behaviorally, individuals tolerated (perceived as synchronous) longer AVOAs when mouth movement preceded the speech (V-A) stimuli than when the speech preceded mouth movement (A-V). Neurophysiologically, the P1-N1-P2 auditory evoked potentials (AEPs), time-locked to sound onsets and known to arise in and surrounding the primary auditory cortex (PAC), were smaller for the in-sync than the out-of-sync percepts. Spectral power of oscillatory activity in the beta band (14–30 Hz) following the AEPs was larger during the in-sync than out-of-sync perception for both A-V and V-A conditions. However, alpha power (8–14 Hz), also following AEPs, was larger for the in-sync than out-of-sync percepts only in the V-A condition. These results demonstrate that AVOA tolerance is enhanced by inhibiting low-level auditory activity (e.g., AEPs representing generators in and surrounding PAC) that code for acoustic onsets. By reducing sensitivity to acoustic onsets, visual-to-auditory onset mapping is weakened, allowing for greater AVOA tolerance. In contrast, beta and alpha results suggest the involvement of higher-level neural processes that may code for language cues (phonetic, lexical), selective attention, and binding of AV percepts, allowing for wider neural windows of temporal integration, i.e., greater AVOA tolerance.

New possibility for measuring the cortical auditory evoked potentials: the HEARLab

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (38) ◽  
pp. 1524-1529
Author(s):  
Ádám Bach ◽  
Ferenc Tóth ◽  
Vera Matievics ◽  
József Géza Kiss ◽  
József Jóri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials

Introduction: Cortical auditory evoked potentials can provide objective information about the highest level of the auditory system. Aim: The purpose of the authors was to introduce a new tool, the “HEARLab” which can be routinely used in clinical practice for the measurement of the cortical auditory evoked potentials. In addition, they wanted to establish standards of the analyzed parameters in subjects with normal hearing. Method: 25 adults with normal hearing were tested with speech stimuli, and frequency specific examinations were performed utilizing pure tone stimuli. Results: The findings regarding the latency and amplitude analyses of the evoked potentials confirm previously published results of this novel method. Conclusions: The HEARLAb can be a great help when performance of the conventional audiological examinations is complicated. The examination can be performed in uncooperative subjects even in the presence of hearing aids. The test is frequency specific and does not require anesthesia. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(38), 1524–1529.

scholarly journals Development of Memory Structures for Homographs Using Pathfinder Network Representations

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Nievas ◽  
Fernando Justicia
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Memory Structure ◽  
Short Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Semantic Priming Effect ◽  
Short Stimulus ◽  
Pathfinder Network ◽  
Memory Structures

Some studies with children have shown that there is no semantic priming at short stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) in lexical decision and naming tasks for homographs. The predictions of spreading activation theories might explain this missing effect. There may be differences in children's and adults' memory structures. We have explored this hypothesis. The development of memory structure representations for homographs was measured by a Pathfinder algorithm. In Experiment 1, the three dependent variables were: the number of links in the network, closeness measures (C), and distances between nodes. Results revealed developmental differences in network structure representations in adults and children. In Experiment 2, results revealed that these differences were not due to the cohort effect. In Experiment 3, the relationship between associative strength, as measured by associative norms, and distances, as measured by Pathfinder algorithm, was explored. The results of these three experiments and empirical research from semantic priming experiments show that these differences in memory structure representations could be one of the sources of the missing semantic priming effect in children.

Anchor Effects and Figural Aftereffects: A Comparative Psychophysical Investigation

1975 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Abresch ◽  
Viktor Sarris
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Contrast Effect ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Figural Aftereffect ◽  
Anchor Effect ◽  
Substantial Influence ◽  
Perceptual Contrast ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Onset Asynchrony

Perceptual contrast effect was studied from two points of view, as a special anchor effect and as a special figural aftereffect. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of stimulus onset asynchrony on contrast and assimilation effects, induced and measured by different psychophysical methods. Stimuli were circular beams of light projected on screens (Delboef type of illusion). When anchor and series stimuli were shown and the latter were judged by means of a rating scale, stimulus onset asychrony had no substantial influence on the contrast effect (Exp. I). When the constant method was applied, however, the asynchrony altered the shape of the contrast effect considerably (Exp. II).

Primed-lexical decision: The effect of varying the stimulus-onset asynchrony of prime and target

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette M.B. de Groot ◽  
Arnold J.W.M. Thomassen ◽  
Patrick T.W. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Stimulus Onset Asynchrony ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Onset Asynchrony
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