Thaumasite sulfate attack in Portland and Portland-limestone cement mortars exposed to sulfate solution

Portland-limestone cement materials are susceptible to sulfate attack at low temperature and high humidity, because such conditions facilitate the formation of thaumasite, detriment to the structural integrity of calcium silicate hydrates (C─S─H). In this work, the effect of the cation associated with sulfates, concentration of sulfate solution, and limestone content in cement, were thermodynamically simulated. MgSO4 solution is of higher risk, degrading extensively the structural integrity of C─S─H. Although this phase is partially preserved under the effect of Na2SO4 and K2SO4 solutions, extensive expansion and thaumasite formation occur. The sulfate content of the corrosive solution and the limestone content in cement are the factors mostly intensifying the attack caused by MgSO4 and Na2SO4/K2SO4 solutions, respectively.

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Long term behavior of Portland limestone cement mortars exposed to magnesium sulfate attack

Cement and Concrete Composites ◽

10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.06.003 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 31 (9) ◽

pp. 628-636 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

A. Skaropoulou ◽

S. Tsivilis ◽

G. Kakali ◽

J.H. Sharp ◽

R.N. Swamy

Keyword(s):

Magnesium Sulfate ◽

Sulfate Attack ◽

Portland Limestone Cement ◽

Cement Mortars ◽

Limestone Cement ◽

Long Term Behavior

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Physical-chemical-mechanical quantitative assessment of the microstructural evolution in Portland-limestone cement pastes exposed to magnesium sulfate attack at low temperature

Cement and Concrete Research ◽

10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106566 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 149 ◽

pp. 106566

Author(s):

Konstantinos Sotiriadis ◽

Michal Hlobil ◽

Alberto Viani ◽

Petra Mácová ◽

Michal Vopálenský

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Magnesium Sulfate ◽

Microstructural Evolution ◽

Quantitative Assessment ◽

Sulfate Attack ◽

Cement Pastes ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Portland Limestone Cement ◽

Limestone Cement

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Effects of fly ash on Portland limestone cement under sulfate attack at low temperature

Magazine of Concrete Research ◽

10.1680/jmacr.18.00143 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 134-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Meng Wu ◽

Yunsheng Zhang ◽

Yongsheng Ji ◽

Guojian Liu ◽

Wei She ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Sulfate Attack ◽

Portland Limestone Cement ◽

Limestone Cement

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Improving the sulfate attack resistance of Portland-Limestone cement through sulfate optimization: A calorimetry-based approach

◽

10.18552/2019/idscmt5052 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Md Manjur A Elahi ◽

◽

Christopher Shearer ◽

Keyword(s):

Sulfate Attack ◽

Portland Limestone Cement ◽

Limestone Cement

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Mitigating effect of chloride ions on sulfate attack of cement mortars with or without silica fume

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1139/l08-065 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (11) ◽

pp. 1210-1220 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Seung-Tae Lee ◽

Dae-Wook Park ◽

Ki-Yong Ann

Keyword(s):

Silica Fume ◽

Sulfate Solution ◽

Sulfate Attack ◽

Chloride Ions ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Friedel’S Salt ◽

Cement Mortars ◽

Binder Ratio ◽

Change Of Porosity

This paper presents a detailed experimental study on the sulfate attack of mortar specimens with or without silica fume exposed to sulfate and sulfate–chloride solutions (with the same concentration of SO42– ions) up to 510 d. The overall aim of the study is to investigate the beneficial effect of chloride ions on sulfate attack. In addition, the role of silica fume and water–binder ratio (w/b) in resisting sulfate attack is also reported. To qualitatively assess the performance of mortar specimens exposed to test solutions, visual examination and compressive strength and expansion tests were carried out. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) techniques were also used to evaluate the products formed by hydration and chemical reaction and the change of porosity for paste samples. Results indicated that the presence of chloride ions in sulfate environments mitigated the deterioration of ordinary Portland cement mortar specimens, especially with a higher w/b, due to sulfate attack. It seems that the mitigating effect of chloride ions on sulfate attack is attributable to the increased solubility of sulfate products in the chloride-bearing sulfate solution, and the chemical binding of the ions to form Friedel’s salt.

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