Prediction of Sulfate Attack Products in Portland-Limestone Cements: The Effect of Cation Type and Concentration

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Sotiriadis ◽  
Michal Hlobil
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Sulfate Attack ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Sulfate Content ◽  
Corrosive Solution ◽  
Portland Limestone Cement ◽  
Calcium Silicate Hydrates ◽  
Cation Type ◽  
Limestone Cement

Portland-limestone cement materials are susceptible to sulfate attack at low temperature and high humidity, because such conditions facilitate the formation of thaumasite, detriment to the structural integrity of calcium silicate hydrates (C─S─H). In this work, the effect of the cation associated with sulfates, concentration of sulfate solution, and limestone content in cement, were thermodynamically simulated. MgSO4 solution is of higher risk, degrading extensively the structural integrity of C─S─H. Although this phase is partially preserved under the effect of Na2SO4 and K2SO4 solutions, extensive expansion and thaumasite formation occur. The sulfate content of the corrosive solution and the limestone content in cement are the factors mostly intensifying the attack caused by MgSO4 and Na2SO4/K2SO4 solutions, respectively.

Effects of fly ash on Portland limestone cement under sulfate attack at low temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wu ◽  
Yunsheng Zhang ◽  
Yongsheng Ji ◽  
Guojian Liu ◽  
Wei She ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Sulfate Attack ◽  
Portland Limestone Cement ◽  
Limestone Cement

Long term durability of Portland-limestone cement mortars exposed to magnesium sulfate attack

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 947-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Torres ◽  
J.H. Sharp ◽  
R.N. Swamy ◽  
C.J. Lynsdale ◽  
S.A. Huntley
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Sulfate Attack ◽  
Portland Limestone Cement ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Limestone Cement

External sulfate attack in structural concrete made with Portland-limestone cement: an experimental study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Cefis ◽  
Cristina Tedeschi ◽  
Claudia Comi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Sulfate Attack ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
Outer Skin ◽  
Experimental Campaign ◽  
Portland Limestone Cement ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
Limestone Cement

This experimental study aims to assess the effect of external sulfate attack on structural concrete made with a common Portland-limestone cement. The experimental campaign, lasted about three years, has been performed on standard-sized cylinders (<i>Φ</i>15×30 cm) subject to different exposure conditions. The overall swelling of the specimens due to chemical reactions was monitored in time. SEM-EDS observations and XRD tests were also carried out. Results showed the presence of secondary ettringite causing swelling and micro-cracks formation. The porosity increase due to sulfate attack of the outer skin of the specimens was measured. Ultrasonic measurements and compression tests on cores drilled from the cylinders immersed in different solutions allowed to confirm and quantify the consequent degradation of macroscopic elastic properties.

Long-term thaumasite sulfate attack on Portland-limestone cement concrete: A multi-technique analytical approach for assessing phase assemblage

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 105995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Sotiriadis ◽  
Petra Mácová ◽  
Anton S. Mazur ◽  
Alberto Viani ◽  
Peter M. Tolstoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Sulfate Attack ◽  
Phase Assemblage ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Portland Limestone Cement ◽  
Limestone Cement

The Effect of Chlorides on the Thaumasite Form of Sulfate Attack in Limestone Cement Concrete

2010 ◽  
Vol 636-637 ◽  
pp. 1349-1354
Author(s):  
K. Sotiriadis ◽  
E. Nikolopoulou ◽  
Sotiris Tsivilis
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Concrete Specimen ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sulfate Attack ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Portland Limestone Cement ◽  
Limestone Cement

In this paper the effect of chlorides on the thaumasite form of sulfate attack in limestone cement concrete is studied. Concrete specimens made from ordinary Portland cement and two Portland limestone cements (limestone content 15% and 35% respectively) were prepared. After 28 days of curing the specimens were immersed in six solutions of various sulfate and chloride content and stored at 5oC. Visual assessment of the specimens, mass measurements and compressive strength tests took place for a period of 24 months. XRD method was used to identify thaumasite in the deteriorated parts of the specimens. All measurements showed that Portland cement concrete exhibits a lower degree of deterioration than Portland limestone cement concrete. Specimen disintegration was more severe, the higher the limestone contents of the cements and the higher the sulfate content of the corrosive storage solutions. Chlorides play an inhibitory role, delaying the deterioration of the concrete specimens. XRD analysis showed the presence of thaumasite at the deteriorated parts of the specimens after nine months of curing.

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