Одна из ключевых проблем, сдерживающих распространение органических технологий, – экологически безопасная защита растений от болезней и вредителей. В силу выраженной специфики органического земледелия (требования к использованию природоподобных технологий и запрета на использование пестицидов, надежная генетическая устойчивость сортов и гибридов становится одним из основных путей решения этой проблемы. Представлен аналитический обзор современных данных по этой тематике.The role and importance of organic farming in improving the quality of life of humanity are obvious. The one of the key problems limiting the organic technologies is the problem of plant protection against diseases and pests. Due to high specificity of organic farming technologies, particularly the requirements for the use of nature-like technologies and the restrictions on the use of pesticides, durable disease resistance of crops becomes super-actual.
Arabidopsis is universally resistant as a species to many crop pathogens, including examples from other crucifers such<br />as Albugo candida and Hyaloperonospora parasitica from Brassica oleracea. This species level trait could potentially<br />provide a source of durable disease resistance in crops if examples can be found which are amenable to molecular genetic<br />characterization. Our research has developed from the observation that null mutation in Arabidopsis of a defense regulatory<br />gene EDS1 (enhanced disease susceptibility) is susceptible to isolates of A. candida and H. parasitica from brassica.<br />EDS1 is required by a major structural class of R-genes to confer resistance in Arabidopsis. We have therefore focused<br />on identifying R-genes in Arabidopsis that are responsible for conferring resistance to brassica pathogens.
The subject is discussed under the headings: (1) comparison of old and modern varieties, (2) requirements for further improvement in yield, (3) breeding for durable disease resistance, (4) combination of increased yield with good grain quality, (5) the expansion of winter barley, (6) improvements in the logistics of breeding and (7) longer-term prospects. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
Селекция растений на устойчивость – основа защиты от болезней в органическом земледелии
