scholarly journals Europe as a bridgehead in the worldwide invasion history of grapevine downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Fontaine ◽  
Frédéric Labbé ◽  
Yann Dussert ◽  
Laurent Delière ◽  
Sylvie Richart-Cervera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Invasion History ◽  
Grapevine Downy Mildew ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Europe as a bridgehead in the worldwide invasion history of grapevine downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Fontaine ◽  
Frédéric Labbé ◽  
Yann Dussert ◽  
Laurent Delière ◽  
Sylvie Richart-Cervera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Invasion History ◽  
Grapevine Downy Mildew ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Efficient Breeding ◽  
The One

AbstractEurope is the historical cradle of viticulture, but grapevines have been increasingly threatened by pathogens of American origin. The invasive oomycete Plasmopara viticola causes downy mildew, one of the most devastating grapevine diseases worldwide. Despite major economic consequences, its invasion history remains poorly understood. Comprehensive population genetic analyses of ~2000 samples from the most important wine-producing countries revealed very low genetic diversity in invasive downy mildew populations worldwide. All the populations originated from one of five native North American lineages, the one parasitizing wild summer grape. After an initial introduction into Europe, invasive European populations served as a secondary source of introduction into vineyards worldwide, including China, South Africa and, twice independently, Australia. Invasion of Argentina probably represents a tertiary introduction from Australia. Our findings provide a striking example of a global pathogen invasion resulting from secondary dispersal of a successful invasive population. It will help designing quarantine regulations and efficient breeding for resistance against grapevine downy mildew.

Fungicide Sensitivity Survey of Plasmopara viticola Populations in Georgia Vineyards

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-261
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Campbell ◽  
Phillip M. Brannen ◽  
Harald Scherm ◽  
Marin T. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Grapevine Downy Mildew ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Qoi Resistance

Grapevine downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, is among the most damaging diseases of grapes globally and in the viticultural regions of Georgia (U.S.A.). Although management of this disease typically involves fungicide applications, resistance development in P. viticola can render chemical management ineffective. The objective of this study was to survey fungicide sensitivities of P. viticola populations in vineyards across three regions in Georgia. Samples were collected from eight vineyards in 2017 and four in 2018 and tested phenotypically for sensitivity to quinone outside inhibitor (QoI), carboxylic acid amide (CAA), and phenylamide (PA) fungicides using leaf disc bioassays. In addition, DNA was extracted from P. viticola samples collected from 2015 through 2018 in these 12 vineyards and six others for a total of 18 vineyards sampled. All available DNA samples were tested for the presence of the known resistance-causing mutations G143A (QoI) and G1105S (CAA) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This study documented widespread occurrence of QoI resistance in P. viticola in Georgia, with 83.0% of isolates collected in 2017 and 2018 testing positive for QoI resistance based on bioassay and 82.9% of isolates collected from 2015 to 2018 testing positive for QoI resistance through PCR testing. In total, 94.4% (17/18) of surveyed vineyards had confirmed QoI resistance by the conclusion of the survey period. No reduced sensitivity to CAA or PA fungicides was identified. Due to widespread QoI resistance, these fungicides should not be relied upon for downy mildew management in Georgia vineyards with a long history of their use.

scholarly journals Analysis of the virome associated to grapevine downy mildew lesions reveals new mycovirus lineages

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Chiapello ◽  
J Rodríguez-Romero ◽  
M A Ayllón ◽  
M Turina
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Catalytic Triad ◽  
Positive Strand ◽  
Grapevine Downy Mildew ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Positive Strand Rna

Abstract The obligatory biotrophic oomycetes Plasmopara viticola is the causal agent of downy mildew, a destructive disease of grapevine worldwide. So far, chemical fungicides are widely employed to limit this pathogen, but their adverse effects are stimulating the quest for environmentally friendly alternative approaches. Here, we report on the search for mycoviruses that might be later developed as biocontrol agents for this pathogen. Symptomatic leaves were collected from various regions in Spain and Italy and mycelia associated to leaf lesions was harvested. Total RNA extractions were depleted of rRNA and metatranscriptomes were generated using a high-throughput sequencing approach. The virome associated to leaf lesions was then characterized through a bioinformatic pipeline relying on blast searches against current viral databases. Here, we present an inventory of 283 new RNA viruses: 222 positive strand RNA viruses, 29 negative strand RNA viruses, 27 double-stranded RNA viruses and 5 ORFan virus RdRP segments, which could not be reliably assigned to any existing group in the Riboviria. In addition to ORFan viruses, we found other surprising new evolutionary trajectories in this wide inventory of viruses. The most represented viruses in our collection are those in phylum Lenarviricota, and, among them, a group of mycovirus segments distantly related to narnaviruses, but characterized by a polymerase palm domain lacking subdomain C, with the putative GDD catalytic triad. We also provided evidence of a strict association between two RNA segments that form a new mycovirus clade of positive strand RNA in the phylum Kitrinoviricota, order Martellivirales. In the phylum Negarnaviricota, we report for the first time in the order Mononegavirales a clade of viruses that is ambisense, a feature that so far was present only in the order Bunyavirales. Furthermore, in the same phylum we detected the widespread occurrence and abundant accumulation in our libraries of a distinct mycovirus clade distantly related to the Muvirales and Goujanvirales orders, which so far include only viruses infecting invertebrates. Possible new oomycetes-specific virus clades are also described in the phylum Duplornaviricota. These data greatly expand the evolutionary history of mycoviruses adding new layers of diversity to the realm Riboviria.

scholarly journals A High-Quality Grapevine Downy Mildew Genome Assembly Reveals Rapidly Evolving and Lineage-Specific Putative Host Adaptation Genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 954-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Dussert ◽  
Isabelle D Mazet ◽  
Carole Couture ◽  
Jérôme Gouzy ◽  
Marie-Christine Piron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Grapevine Downy Mildew ◽  
Downy Mildews ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
High Level

Abstract Downy mildews are obligate biotrophic oomycete pathogens that cause devastating plant diseases on economically important crops. Plasmopara viticola is the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew, a major disease in vineyards worldwide. We sequenced the genome of Pl. viticola with PacBio long reads and obtained a new 92.94 Mb assembly with high contiguity (359 scaffolds for a N50 of 706.5 kb) due to a better resolution of repeat regions. This assembly presented a high level of gene completeness, recovering 1,592 genes encoding secreted proteins involved in plant–pathogen interactions. Plasmopara viticola had a two-speed genome architecture, with secreted protein-encoding genes preferentially located in gene-sparse, repeat-rich regions and evolving rapidly, as indicated by pairwise dN/dS values. We also used short reads to assemble the genome of Plasmopara muralis, a closely related species infecting grape ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata). The lineage-specific proteins identified by comparative genomics analysis included a large proportion of RxLR cytoplasmic effectors and, more generally, genes with high dN/dS values. We identified 270 candidate genes under positive selection, including several genes encoding transporters and components of the RNA machinery potentially involved in host specialization. Finally, the Pl. viticola genome assembly generated here will allow the development of robust population genomics approaches for investigating the mechanisms involved in adaptation to biotic and abiotic selective pressures in this species.

scholarly journals Isolation of Plasmopara viticola from Grapevine Leaves

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Camelia Ungureanu ◽  
Liliana Cristina Soare ◽  
Diana Vizitiu ◽  
Mirela Calinescu ◽  
Irina Fierascu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Grapevine Downy Mildew ◽  
Grapevine Leaves ◽  
Downy Mildew Disease

In order to test some biofungicides, the isolation of Plasmopara viticola was carried out.Plasmopara viticola is a fungus that causes the grapevine downy mildew disease [...]

scholarly journals Identification of the First Oomycete Mating-type Locus Sequence in the Grapevine Downy Mildew Pathogen, Plasmopara viticola

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (20) ◽  
pp. 3897-3907.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Dussert ◽  
Ludovic Legrand ◽  
Isabelle D. Mazet ◽  
Carole Couture ◽  
Marie-Christine Piron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Type Locus ◽  
Grapevine Downy Mildew ◽  
Mating Type Locus

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Plasmopara viticola , the Grapevine Downy Mildew Pathogen

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Dussert ◽  
Jérôme Gouzy ◽  
Sylvie Richart-Cervera ◽  
Isabelle D. Mazet ◽  
Laurent Delière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Grapevine Downy Mildew ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

Plasmopara viticola is a biotrophic pathogenic oomycete responsible for grapevine downy mildew. We present here the first draft of the P. viticola genome. Analysis of this sequence will help in understanding plant-pathogen interactions in oomycetes, especially pathogen host specialization and adaptation to host resistance.

ChemInform Abstract: Khatmiamycin, a Motility Inhibitor and Zoosporicide Against the Grapevine Downy Mildew Pathogen Plasmopara viticola from Streptomyces sp. ANK313.

ChemInform ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Muna Ali Abdalla ◽  
Hnin Yu Win ◽  
Md. Tofazzal Islam ◽  
Andreas von Tiedemann ◽  
Anja Schueffler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Grapevine Downy Mildew

scholarly journals Khatmiamycin, a motility inhibitor and zoosporicide against the grapevine downy mildew pathogen Plasmopara viticola from Streptomyces sp. ANK313

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 655-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna Ali Abdalla ◽  
Hnin Yu Win ◽  
Md. Tofazzal Islam ◽  
Andreas von Tiedemann ◽  
Anja Schüffler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Grapevine Downy Mildew
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