Regulating human interventions in Colombian coastal areas: Implications for the environmental licensing procedure in middle-income countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 106284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina I. Pereira ◽  
Andres F. Carvajal ◽  
Celene Milanés Batista ◽  
Camilo M. Botero
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Human Interventions ◽  
Environmental Licensing

scholarly journals Mangroves and coastal topography create economic “safe havens” from tropical storms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob P. Hochard ◽  
Edward B. Barbier ◽  
Stuart E. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Tropical Storms ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Indirect Exposure ◽  
Coastal Topography

AbstractEvidence suggests that mangroves protect economic activity in coastal areas. We estimate this protection from mangroves and coastal elevation globally, examining both “direct” and “indirect” exposure events (< 100 km vs. ≥ 100 km distance from a cyclone’s “eye”, respectively). We find that higher elevation (≥ 50 m) or wide mangroves (≥ 10 m seaward width) alone shelter economic activity from indirect cyclone exposure, whereas protection from direct cyclone exposure occurs only in high elevation communities with wide mangroves. Our results reveal that the majority of these “safe havens” are in upper middle-income countries but provide significant benefits to populations in lower middle-income countries.

scholarly journals When do Mangroves Create an Economic “Safe Haven” from Tropical Storms?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Hochard ◽  
Edward Barbier ◽  
Stuart Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Tropical Storms ◽  
Safe Haven ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Global Mapping

Abstract Evidence suggests that climate change will increase the frequency of intense storms. Mangroves may protect economic activity in coastal areas. We develop a model that illustrates protections from mangroves and coastal elevation and estimate the impacts of cyclones on coastal economic activity. We find that higher elevation or expansive mangroves alone shelter economic activity from “indirect” cyclone exposure whereas economic activity is only protected from “direct” cyclone exposure in high elevation communities with expansive mangroves. Our global mapping reveals that the majority of these “safe havens” are in upper middle-income countries but are used by populations in lower middle-income countries.

Some Conditions for Task Shifting in Low and Middle-Income Countries

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joop de Jong ◽  
Mark Jordans ◽  
Ivan Komproe ◽  
Robert Macy ◽  
Aline & Herman Ndayisaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Shifting ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income
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