Improving pathology and laboratory medicine in low-income and middle-income countries: roadmap to solutions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed S ◽  
Cherniak W ◽  
Lawler M ◽  
Tan SY ◽  
El Sadr W ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Laboratory Medicine ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

Improving pathology and laboratory medicine in low-income and middle-income countries: roadmap to solutions

The Lancet ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 391 (10133) ◽  
pp. 1939-1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Sayed ◽  
William Cherniak ◽  
Mark Lawler ◽  
Soo Yong Tan ◽  
Wafaa El Sadr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Laboratory Medicine ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

scholarly journals Laboratory medicine in low-income and middle-income countries: progress and challenges

The Lancet ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 391 (10133) ◽  
pp. 1873-1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N Nkengasong ◽  
Katy Yao ◽  
Philip Onyebujoh
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Laboratory Medicine ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

Delivering modern, high-quality, affordable pathology and laboratory medicine to low-income and middle-income countries: a call to action

The Lancet ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 391 (10133) ◽  
pp. 1953-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Horton ◽  
Richard Sullivan ◽  
John Flanigan ◽  
Kenneth A Fleming ◽  
Modupe A Kuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Laboratory Medicine ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
Middle Income Countries

scholarly journals Tuberculosis and Non-Communicable Disease Multimorbidity: An Analysis of the World Health Survey in 48 Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2439
Author(s):  
Brendon Stubbs ◽  
Kamran Siddiqi ◽  
Helen Elsey ◽  
Najma Siddiqi ◽  
Ruimin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Low Income ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
World Health Survey ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). TB multimorbidity [TB and ≥1 non-communicable diseases (NCDs)] is common, but studies are sparse. Cross-sectional, community-based data including adults from 21 low-income countries and 27 middle-income countries were utilized from the World Health Survey. Associations between 9 NCDs and TB were assessed with multivariable logistic regression analysis. Years lived with disability (YLDs) were calculated using disability weights provided by the 2017 Global Burden of Disease Study. Eight out of 9 NCDs (all except visual impairment) were associated with TB (odds ratio (OR) ranging from 1.38–4.0). Prevalence of self-reported TB increased linearly with increasing numbers of NCDs. Compared to those with no NCDs, those who had 1, 2, 3, 4, and ≥5 NCDs had 2.61 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.14–3.22), 4.71 (95%CI = 3.67–6.11), 6.96 (95%CI = 4.95–9.87), 10.59 (95%CI = 7.10–15.80), and 19.89 (95%CI = 11.13–35.52) times higher odds for TB. Among those with TB, the most prevalent combinations of NCDs were angina and depression, followed by angina and arthritis. For people with TB, the YLDs were three times higher than in people without multimorbidity or TB, and a third of the YLDs were attributable to NCDs. Urgent research to understand, prevent and manage NCDs in people with TB in LMICs is needed.

scholarly journals Gestational weight gain in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling analysis using nationally representative data

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. e003423
Author(s):  
Dongqing Wang ◽  
Molin Wang ◽  
Anne Marie Darling ◽  
Nandita Perumal ◽  
Enju Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Latin America And Caribbean ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sub Saharan

IntroductionGestational weight gain (GWG) has important implications for maternal and child health and is an ideal modifiable factor for preconceptional and antenatal care. However, the average levels of GWG across all low-income and middle-income countries of the world have not been characterised using nationally representative data.MethodsGWG estimates across time were computed using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys Program. A hierarchical model was developed to estimate the mean total GWG in the year 2015 for all countries to facilitate cross-country comparison. Year and country-level covariates were used as predictors, and variable selection was guided by the model fit. The final model included year (restricted cubic splines), geographical super-region (as defined by the Global Burden of Disease Study), mean adult female body mass index, gross domestic product per capita and total fertility rate. Uncertainty ranges (URs) were generated using non-parametric bootstrapping and a multiple imputation approach. Estimates were also computed for each super-region and region.ResultsLatin America and Caribbean (11.80 kg (95% UR: 6.18, 17.41)) and Central Europe, Eastern Europe and Central Asia (11.19 kg (95% UR: 6.16, 16.21)) were the super-regions with the highest GWG estimates in 2015. Sub-Saharan Africa (6.64 kg (95% UR: 3.39, 9.88)) and North Africa and Middle East (6.80 kg (95% UR: 3.17, 10.43)) were the super-regions with the lowest estimates in 2015. With the exception of Latin America and Caribbean, all super-regions were below the minimum GWG recommendation for normal-weight women, with Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa and Middle East estimated to meet less than 60% of the minimum recommendation.ConclusionThe levels of GWG are inadequate in most low-income and middle-income countries and regions. Longitudinal monitoring systems and population-based interventions are crucial to combat inadequate GWG in low-income and middle-income countries.

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