Addressing exploitation of poor clinical trial participants in North America and the European Union

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. e37-e38
Author(s):  
Rafael Dal-Ré ◽  
Annette Rid ◽  
Ezekiel Emanuel ◽  
David Wendler
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
European Union ◽  
North America ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trial Participants

Migration and outward FDI: a double direction approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Alcaraz ◽  
Elizabeth Salamanca
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Social Network ◽  
North America ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Social Network Theory ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify, based on social network theory, the relationship between the direction of international migration (immigration/emigration) and the international movement of enterprises and their location. Design/methodology/approach A traditional gravity model and the Tobit estimation method are applied to three groups of countries from three different regions: Latin America, North America and the European Union. The study considers a period from 2001 to 2012. Findings The main results suggest that the international migration that goes from the European Union and North America to Latin America is related with the firms’ internationalization and their respective location. Practical implications Given that migration can be an important and reliable source of information, trust and knowledge, managers should see it as a “bridge” between the home and host countries, which, in turn, can increase their competitive advantage. Social implications Governments can learn how migration and outward foreign direct investment interact. In addition, they could develop political frameworks to accurately and effectively manage international migration (immigration and emigration) and FDI in the best interests of the stakeholders. Originality/value This study extends the social network theory by suggesting that networks are not only related with firms’ expansion abroad but as well with their location. This statement could be generalizable as long as emigration/networks (ethnic ties) are considered the links between the home and the host country.

The World Economy

2001 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 35-60
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
North America ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Capacity Limits ◽  
The World ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
Unusual Occurrence ◽  
Capacity Output ◽  
World Output

The five years up until the end of 2000 saw a period of rapid growth in the world economy, with OECD output increasing by 3¼ per cent a year, and overall world output rising by 3¾ per cent a year. Sustained strong growth of this nature is an unusual occurrence. Once capacity limits are reached, growth is bound to slow. This is particularly likely if full capacity output is attained simultaneously in a number of regions, much as we believe happened in North America and Europe in 2000, where growth was 5 per cent and 3¼ per cent respectively. We anticipate that growth will slow to 1.9 per cent in North America and to 2½ per cent in the European Union in 2001. World growth is expected to slow to under 3 per cent in 2001, with OECD growth declining to under 2¼ per cent, which would be the weakest seen since 1993. Although this cannot be regarded as a deeply worrying slowdown, there are significant risks associated with our projections.

scholarly journals EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT MEANS OF REPRESENTING EVALUATION IN CNN.COM PUBLICATIONS ABOUT MIGRATION ISSUES

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
IRINA G. ISHCHENKO ◽  
◽  
ELENA V. KONOPATSKAYA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
North America ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Main Function ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Explicit Evaluation ◽  
The Media ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article considers the category of evaluation in linguistics and the means of its representation. As an anthropocentric category, evaluation is an important element of a person's cognitive activity and is based on their value attitudes. The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze explicit and implicit means of expressing evaluation in the articles on CNN.com dedicated to the issues of migration to the countries of the European Union and North America. In the experiment, content, definition and component analysis were used to study 84 publications for the period of 2019-2021. As a result, 617 examples of evaluation were identified. Among them, 367 examples were of explicit evaluation and 250 examples were of implicit evaluation. It was found that the evaluation in the analyzed material is mainly explicit in nature and it is expressed by lexical units with evaluative semantics. The implicit evaluation is based on the linguistic and extralinguistic context and is represented by various linguistic means: quotation, metaphor, phraseological units, antithesis, euphemisms. As the analysis has shown, the axiological characteristic is created with a complex of explicit and implicit evaluative means to implement the main function of the media to inform the audience and shape public opinion.

Ethnic networks and multinational firms’ location decisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-298
Author(s):  
Jorge Alcaraz ◽  
Elizabeth Salamanca ◽  
Otto Regalado-Pezúa
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Network ◽  
North America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Social Network Theory ◽  
Location Decisions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethnic Networks

Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of ethnic networks on firms’ location decisions using social network theory and the homophily principle. Design/methodology/approach A traditional gravity model is used on a sample composed of high-skilled and low-skilled ethnic networks and multinational enterprises (MNEs) from Latin America, North America and the European Union. Findings Contrary to findings of previous studies, ethnic networks do not appear to influence location decisions of Latin American firms expanding into countries from North America and the European Union. This might be because of weak ethnic connections among the players. Practical implications Managers must be aware that ethnic networks not always can be used for the strategy of the firm, at least regarding location. Social implications Governments and entrepreneurial and immigrant associations from home and host countries could develop initiatives addressed to strengthening the links between the members of the networks. Originality/value This study extends the social network theory in the sense that ethnic networks do not always positively affect firms’ location. Moreover, it is important to consider the specific context or features of the members of a network before analyzing its effects on firms’ location.

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