EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT MEANS OF REPRESENTING EVALUATION IN CNN.COM PUBLICATIONS ABOUT MIGRATION ISSUES

The article considers the category of evaluation in linguistics and the means of its representation. As an anthropocentric category, evaluation is an important element of a person's cognitive activity and is based on their value attitudes. The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze explicit and implicit means of expressing evaluation in the articles on CNN.com dedicated to the issues of migration to the countries of the European Union and North America. In the experiment, content, definition and component analysis were used to study 84 publications for the period of 2019-2021. As a result, 617 examples of evaluation were identified. Among them, 367 examples were of explicit evaluation and 250 examples were of implicit evaluation. It was found that the evaluation in the analyzed material is mainly explicit in nature and it is expressed by lexical units with evaluative semantics. The implicit evaluation is based on the linguistic and extralinguistic context and is represented by various linguistic means: quotation, metaphor, phraseological units, antithesis, euphemisms. As the analysis has shown, the axiological characteristic is created with a complex of explicit and implicit evaluative means to implement the main function of the media to inform the audience and shape public opinion.

PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH ZOONYM COMPONENT IN DIALECT WORLD VIEW OF KUBAN REGION INHABITANTS: COGNITION MECHANISMS

The article examines cognitive mechanisms of Kuban region set expressions origin, which include animalistic vocabulary and which represent a significant part of dialect picture of the world. The material for the research was taken from regional printed and handwritten lexicographical sources on a subject of Kuban sub-dialects, as well data was collected during long-term dialect expeditions. The results demonstrate the variety of these mechanisms, which are based on actual observations by the sub-dialect speakers on behavior, peculiar appearance, voice, smell of animals and human actions in regard thereto. The amount and variety of selected tokens prove the significance of zoomorphic code in the Kuban region inhabitants’ world view. Ethnocultural conjoinings of set expressions were found, which provide insight into the unique nature of the villager’s world view. The analysis of discursive sources of origin of phraseological units with a zoonym component enabled to trace the birth of a new cognitive structure as a result of conceptualisation of human knowledge. It was demonstrated, that meanings of Kuban phraseological units, being the product of cognitive and discursive activity of sub-dialect speakers, unite the results of sensuous impressions and pragmatist perception of the world around us.

PERCEPTION OF THE INTONATION OF INTERROGATIVENESS VS INCOMPLETENESS IN THE INTERFERED RUSSIAN SPEECH OF THE EVENKS

The perception of oral speech can undoubtedly be attributed to one of the most complex processes in language, since the observer does not have direct access to the sounds, but only to the reactions associated with them. Every language has a perceptual base that allows a person not only to hear but also to carry out a number of procedures aimed at identifying and cognizing what he / she has heard by comparing it with the patterns in the mind representing a combination of significant phonetic features. Meanwhile, the researcher observes listeners’ reactions trying to systematize these features and the mechanisms of their perception and interpretation. This paper reports the results of Russian speakers ' perception analysis of the interfered Russian speech of the Evenks on the example of affirmative sentences with the intonation of incompleteness and general questions. The results show that Russian interfered speech of the Evenks is positively perceived by Russian native speakers...

WORD BUILDING PATTERNS OF NUMERALS IN TUNGUS-MANCHU LANGUAGES

The article discusses the reconstruction of the archetype of cardinal numbers, word formation of the categories of numbers in the Tungus-Manchu languages. Based on the available data on languages, 15 categories are analyzed: cardinal, ordinal, multiples, dividing, distributive, restrictive, collective, numerals for counting days, numerals for counting animals, numerals for counting households, numerals for counting fingers, numerals for counting pairs of objects, numerals for counting places and directions, numerals for counting various objects, numerals for counting the years of an animal. It turns out that certain forms are ancient, but most of them were formed later and were characteristic only for a certain group, subgroup or one language. Word-building patterns of numerals are connected with form-changing patterns, although in a number of cases syntactic functions of derivatives change, and sometimes we can observe forms with complex morphological structure, derived not only from cardinal numerals but also from numerals of other categories.

Non-letter characters in writing system. Exclamation mark

The article examines phrases with the exclamation mark in poetic discourse. Perceptual experiment was used to determine the degree of their emotional load. The material for the study was A. A. Block’s poem read by professional performers. The paper discusses a set of reasons that cause different emotional interpretation of the same poetic work and varying intonation patterns employed by the readers. It is argued that the multidimensional and mobile semiosis of poetic discourse, the mismatch of presuppositions and the lack of a common communicative base between the author and the reader account for differences in the actualization of the non-letter symbol additional function in writing. The results of the experiment show high degree of intonation shades variability whose graphic referent is the exclamation mark. The results also indicate the existence of a hierarchy in distributing emotional load, particularly, its increase towards the end of the poem which, in general, corresponds to the strategy of communicative patterns arrangement in the utterance.

PERSONIFICATION IN THE EMOTIVE PROSE TEXT (IN THE NOVEL "LES VENTS NOIRS" ("THE BLACK WINDS") BY ARNAUD DE LA GRANGE)

The paper examines the denotata of personification in the novel "Les vents noirs" ("The Black Winds") by Arnaud de La Grange. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the material under study has resulted in the identification of the main groups of personifications in the emotive prose text: personification of objects, personification of abstract concepts, personification of physical (natural) phenomena. Within each group, subgroups have been identified based on semantic features. The group of physical (natural) phenomena includes denotata of meteorological phenomena, time of day, celestial bodies and the light they radiate. The group of abstract concepts covers a wide variety of denotata related to mental states, mental and physical abilities, moral experiences, military and political terms and the philosophical category of time. It has been figured out that the most frequent examples are personification of objects that include geographical objects, natural objects and related substances, human body parts, and objects related to the war. Those objects and phenomena that play a key role in the development of the novel have been personified. Personification as a part of the lexical system of the novel, serves as the most important means of constructing this emotive prose text.

ENGLISH WORD STRESS IN LONG-TERM LANGUAGE CONTACT

The paper summarizes the results of recent studies concerned with English accentual patterns dynamics in polysyllabic words, based on English and French language contact. Canadian English reflects the present-day situation of language contact. Intersection of a variety of tendencies is observed which are due to accentual assimilation in lexicon of Romance origin borrowed from French. The recessive and the rhythmical are the major ones in the historical perspective. The data collected in dictionaries are further supplied with sociocultural comments based on corpus and opinion survey cognitive analyses. The presence of rhythmical stress was discovered in British, American and Canadian Englishes with the growing tendency in compound words due to disappearing of the pattern with two equal stresses. The tendency is most vivid in bilingual speakers from the Province of Quebec who accentuate word-final syllable.

SEMANTICS OF THE KHANTY ADJECTIVES CHARACTERIZING WEATHER PHENOMENA

The article considers the semantic structure of the Khanty adjectives characterizing weather phenomena. The study is carried out on the material of Western dialects of Khanty - Kazymsky, Shuryshkar and Priural. The material for the study was a card file composed of examples of bilingual dictionaries on the Khanty language, folklore collections and samples of spoken speech collected from Khanty native speakers. The result of the study was a description of the semantics of the language units characterizing weather events in all studied dialects of the Khanty language. Five word-building patterns were discovered for the adjectives: 1) «N+ =әӈ/=єӈ», 2) «N + =ԓы», 3) «N + =и/=ы», 4) «V + =ам/=әм», 5) «N + =ам». These adjectives form 4 lexico-semantic groups. Neither systematization of these lexico-semantic groups has been previously performed, nor the 5 word-building patterns have been previously reported in the literature devoted to the Khanty language. Another contribution was clarification of lexical units characterizing natural phenomena.

REVIEW OF THE MONOGRAPH BY I. G. KOSHEVAYA «TEXT-FORMING STRUCTURES OF LANGUAGE AND SPEECH»

The review highly appreciates the monograph by I. G. Koshevaya “Text-forming structures of language and speech” examining the issues of form, meaning and categories that characterize linguistic and speech structures. The major focus is made on the structure of the speech complex and its boundaries. The book also touches upon related issues that receive an extraordinary interpretation including a) the similarity and difference between linguistic and speech structures, b) constants and transitors, c) nominativeness, predicativeness and limiting, d) position - sentence - speech complex, e) recurrent centers, e) plot perspective. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of functional dependencies in the context of various types of text segments. The originality of interpretations, relevance, novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work make it possible to use it not only for scientific, but also for linguistic and pragmatic purposes.

SOCIOLINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF POLITICAL CORRECTNESS IN ENGLISH

The paper examines the issue of political correct (PC) language as deeply rooted in a set of values and beliefs of the Anglo-American democratic ideology. The review of foreign and Russian-language literature enables to specify key cultural prerequisites of the PC phenomenon and shed light on the current state of the problem. We aimed to use a number of examples from academic literature to describe the factors contributing to the popularity of politically correct vocabulary in all spheres of public communication with the focus on different approaches to the euphemistic nature of PC expressions. Empirical research methods were used including targeted selection of theoretical information on the studied issue and practical language material to study the controversial issue of interpretation and rereading of canonical texts through the lens of political correctness. The conclusion was made that classical and academic literature should not be subjected to the current PC rhetoric and ideology.