Effect of urbanization and international trade on CO2 emissions across 65 belt and road initiative countries

Energy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 117102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaman Muhammad ◽  
Xingle Long ◽  
Muhammad Salman ◽  
Lamini Dauda
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road

Does the Belt and Road Initiative Really Increase CO2 Emissions?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Dongmei Tang ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Xiaocong Xu ◽  
Xiaoping Liu ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

scholarly journals Estimating China’s Trade with Its Partner Countries within the Belt and Road Initiative Using Neural Network Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koffi Dumor ◽  
Li Yao
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Neural Network Analysis ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) under the auspices of the Chinese government was created as a regional integration and development model between China and her trade partners. Arguments have been raised as to whether this initiative will be beneficial to participating countries in the long run. We set to examine how to estimate this trade initiative by comparing the relative estimation powers of the traditional gravity model with the neural network analysis using detailed bilateral trade exports data from 1990 to 2017. The results show that neural networks are better than the gravity model approach in learning and clarifying international trade estimation. The neural networks with fixed country effects showed a more accurate estimation compared to a baseline model with country-year fixed effects, as in the OLS estimator and Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood. On the other hand, the analysis indicated that more than 50% of the 6 participating East African countries in the BRI were able to attain their predicted targets. Kenya achieved an 80% (4 of 5) target. Drawing from the lessons of the BRI and the use of neural network model, it will serve as an important reference point by which other international trade interventions could be measured and compared.

Promoting Korean international trade in the East Sea Economic Rim in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Tae-Woo Lee ◽  
Sung-Woo Lee ◽  
Zhi-Hua Hu ◽  
Kyoung-Suk Choi ◽  
Na Young Hwan Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
East Sea ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Maritime Logistics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Ship Flows

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze maritime logistics connectivity of ports and shipping networks in the East Sea Economic Rim (ESER) to promote international trade in the context of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), considering centrality, primary flow and clustering interaction. Design/methodology/approach The paper applies a complex network model, using a big data system consisting of an automated identification system, electronic data interchange and distributive and complex data. Three perspectives, including connectivity in trading ports and regions, centralities in the realm of complex network and potential marketing and regional impacts, and sixteen criteria are considered for this analysis. A visual approach has been also applied to highlight port connectivity and ship flows for the reader’s convenience. Findings The paper shows that port connectivity and maritime logistics are enablers to promote Korean international trade in Northeast China through the ESER, and 25 major ports are well connected to promote international trade in the region with visual data of ship flows by ship type and by flag. Research limitations/implications Owing to the lack of port management information systems among the countries in the ESER except Korea and Japan, this paper could not capture cargo types and amounts on board. Port connectivity analysis shows links of the ports in the ESER to major ports in southeast Asia along the Twenty-first Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR). These results contribute to drawing policy implications to promote the ESER and provide suggestions for promoting Korean international trade by enhancing maritime logistics connectivity. Originality/value Unlike the existing literature showing descriptive and policy-oriented research related to ESER, this paper applied a vigorous method with a big amount of data to analyze port connectivity and ship flows in the ESER, considering China’s BRI affecting the global supply chain system, maritime transportation, and logistics. In addition, the paper shows how the seaports in the ESER are connected along the MSR.

scholarly journals Impact of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on China and South Asia Trade Integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mst. Sahiba Mahbub ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Belt And Road

Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is one of the noteworthy initiatives of the Chinese government. It has been intended to interface neighboring 65 nations to enhance inter-regional international trade. This research focused on China and South Asia international trade under BRI framework. South Asian nations share pretty much the equivalent social and social foundation. From the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) the initiative for trade connectivity has started in this sub-region. Later several trade agreements came into force. In this present research, researchers uncovered present trade integration with China and South Asian countries. To estimate results we have applied gravity model equation. Estimated results support that BRI has a positive and significant impact on trade Integration among China and South Asia. The significance level of P-value falls below 1%. For data analysis, several databases have been utilized likewise, UN-Comtrade, World Bank, World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS), etc. Data analysis part has done with the application of Stata.

A New Multilateralism? A Case Study of the Belt and Road Initiative

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-413
Author(s):  
Jingyuan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Dispute Settlement Mechanism ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Rule Setting ◽  
Rule Making ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
International Rule

Abstract The first five years (the first stage) of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) have drawn international attention and provoked scepticism and debate. This article explores questions about the nature of the BRI and its impact on multilateralism, which is increasingly fragile and under attack. After summarizing past practices employed in BRI investments, it analyses the characteristics of the BRI and assesses the results and implications. This article studies in depth one of the two primary BRI economic activities—special economic zones. The article introduces and compares the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and Chinese domestic banks in their respective financing practices and compares state-owned enterprises and privately owned enterprises in BRI practices. The article observes three characteristics from past BRI practices and analyzes their respective implications on the transformation of international trade governance. The first characteristic is the unconventional ‘infrastructure development first, institution next’ approach. The second is the plurilateral- and multilateral-focused method in international rule-setting processes. The third characteristic is innovation in the dispute settlement mechanism. Through a cautious examination, the article argues that experiences gained from BRI inform China’s international rule-making efforts and further its domestic trade liberalization reform agenda, which will likely contribute to the convergence of rule-making in international trade.

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