Energy consumption, pollution haven hypothesis, and environmental Kuznets curve: Examining the environment–economy link in belt and road initiative countries

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 122559
Author(s):  
Wenqing Li ◽  
Yuanbo Qiao ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Yutao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Pollution Haven Hypothesis ◽  
Pollution Haven ◽  
Belt And Road

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Impact of Clean and Non-clean Energy Consumption on Economic Growth and Carbon Emission: Evidence from PIMC Countries

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshad Ali ◽  
Magdalena Radulescu ◽  
Daniel Balsalobre Lorente ◽  
Viet-Ngu (Vincent) Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Pollution Haven Hypothesis ◽  
Pollution Haven ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study empirically estimates the impact of clean and non-clean energy consumption on economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions within the framework of the environmental Kuznets curve and pollution haven hypothesis in the case of PIMC countries from 1980 to 2019. The results of the panel cointegration test proposed by Westerlund (2007) show a long-term equilibrium relationship among the variables of each designated model. The long-term elasticities of economic growth and carbon emission estimated by AMG, CCEMG and MG estimators indicate that both clean and non-clean energy consumption have a significant impact on economic growth, while carbon emission hinders growth. The results also reveal that economic growth, non-clean energy consumption and interaction between trade openness and non-clean energy consumption have a driving effect on carbon dioxide emission, however, clean energy consumption is found to reduce carbon emission. In addition, the analysis confirms the existence of the inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve and pollution haven hypothesis in the panel of PIMC economies. Finally, there is a one-way causality from non-clean energy consumption to economic growth, but no such causation exists between clean energy consumption and economic growth. The objective of sustained economic growth with a safe environment may be achieved by encouraging clean energy consumption in the PIMC economies.

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship among Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, CO2 Emissions, Renewable Energy Contribution in the context of the Environmental Kuznets Curve and Pollution Haven Hypothesis Regarding Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Mehman Karimov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Pollution Haven Hypothesis ◽  
Energy Contribution ◽  
Pollution Haven ◽  
Turkish Economy ◽  
Per Capita

This study examines the relationships between GDP per capita, CO2 emission, Renewable Energy Contribution (REC) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and evaluates the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH) for Turkey. The EKC theory says that with increase in income per capita the pollution also increases but in a turning point when nation become richer pollution starts to decrease according to stringency of environmental regulations and implying advanced green technologies due to requirement of nation. In another hand the PHH assume that due to stringency of environmental regulations and high taxes the production become more expensive in developed countries, thus those dirty industries shifts from environmentally stricter developed countries to poor regulated developing countries. The aim of this study to analyze and investigate: which theory (EKC or PHH) does exist in Turkish economy and does FDI has positive impact on sustainable development. The time series datasets (FDI, GDP, CO2 and REC) , those were obtained from World Bank database, which covers the time period 1970-2014 were utilized in employed statistical models as the ADF Unit Root, Philips – Perron, Johansen co-integration, and the Granger Causality tests, to accomplish the empirical part of the paper. Based on the empirical results, it was approved that there wasn`t existence of the EKC theory in Turkish economy. But according to obtained empirical results it was affirmed that there was the presence of the PHH theory in Turkish economy which means the FDI has a negative impact on sustainable development of Turkish economy. Thus, the developed countries with stricter environmental regulations (mostly from Europe) relocate their heavily polluted dirty industries to Turkish economy.

LOCALIZED IMPLEMENTATION: ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE IN CHINA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-257
Author(s):  
Haitao Yin ◽  
Yunyi Hu ◽  
Xu Tian
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Pollution Haven Hypothesis ◽  
Pollution Haven ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The One ◽  
The Belt And Road

AbstractChina's overcapacities in manufacturing industries, including pollution-intensive industries, served as an important motivation of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The popular Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH) therefore expects that the initiative will lead to the relocation of polluting industries from China to the recipients. Focusing on the implementation by local governments, we argue that actual outcomes of the BRI depend on the way local states and businesses respond to the BRI in accordance with their preferences. Through investigating industries’ actual responses to the BRI, we found that pollution-intensive industries have not relocated but rather expanded exports to the BRI countries. This has two implications: on the one hand, it alleviates the overcapacity issue in China and helps sustain the economic performance of the industry; on the other hand, it results in more pollution within Chinese borders and aggravates the environmental challenges facing the country.

scholarly journals Analysis of pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) and environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in selected Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Fouzia Latif Gill ◽  
Abid Rashid Gill ◽  
K. Kuperan Viswanathan ◽  
Mohd Zaini B Abid Karim
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Pollution Haven Hypothesis ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Pollution Haven ◽  
Integration Approach ◽  
Asean Countries

The Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH) claims that following the international trade, developing countries tend to specialize and export pollution-intensive goods to advanced countries.  The current study examines the PHH claim in the context of exports of the six major ASEAN countries to Japan in the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework for the period 1989-2017. The Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLOS) panel co-integration approach has been employed to estimate the coefficients of the EKC model. The results reveal that the EKC does exist while the exports of pollution-intensive goods from the ASEAN to Japan increase the CO2 emission. The study concludes that world pollution cannot be curtailed unless advanced countries reduce the consumption of pollution-intensive goods. Therefore, an integrated well-devised global program is imperative to tackle the alarming issue of global warming, and advanced countries should lead this program.

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