Predicting concentrations of cytostatic drugs in sewage effluents and surface waters of Catalonia (NE Spain)

In a full scale experimental study, raw sewage from the City of Suez, Egypt was treated using a stabilization pond system. Fish grown in the treated sewage was compared with fish from one of the farms which receives contaminated surface water in Lake Manzala. Organochlorine pesticides were detected at higher levels in fish from Lake Manzala farms, than in fish reared in the treated sewage of the City of Suez. The highest levels were due to p,p'DDT and its metabolites, followed by Lindane and HCB. Furthermore, the concentrations of Pb and Cd were significantly higher in the fish from the Lake Manzala farm, than in the fish from Suez. In addition, the concentration levels of Pb and Cd in the fish from Lake Manzala exceeded the international contaminant limits for human consumption. In general, fish grown in this region have high levels of pesticides and metal contaminants. It is interesting to note that in spite of possible cultural bias against fish grown in treated sewage effluents, have lower levels of toxic chemicals than some of the marketed fish, harvested from polluted surface waters.

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Screening Concentration of E1, E2 and EE2 in Sewage Effluents and Surface Waters of the “Pampas” Region and the “Río de la Plata” Estuary (Argentina)

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ◽

10.1007/s00128-014-1417-0 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

pp. 29-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

María Eugenia Valdés ◽

Damián José Marino ◽

Daniel Alberto Wunderlin ◽

Gustavo Manuel Somoza ◽

Alicia Estela Ronco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Waters ◽

Rio De La Plata ◽

Río De La Plata ◽

La Plata ◽

Sewage Effluents ◽

Pampas Region

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Estrogenicity Determination in Sewage Treatment Plants and Surface Waters from the Catalonian Area (NE Spain)

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/es991335n ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 34 (24) ◽

pp. 5076-5083 ◽

Cited By ~ 210

Author(s):

Montserrat Solé ◽

Maria J. López de Alda ◽

Montserrat Castillo ◽

Cinta Porte ◽

Knud Ladegaard-Pedersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Waters ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plants ◽

Ne Spain

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Formation of cyanogen chloride during chlorination of certain liquids. Toxicity of such liquids to fish

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400036287 ◽

1948 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 184-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

L. A. Allen ◽

N. Blezard ◽

A. B. Wheatland

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Activated Sludge ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Residual Chlorine ◽

Sudden Increase ◽

Cyanogen Chloride ◽

Sewage Effluents ◽

Living Organisms

Certain sewage effluents have been found (Allen, Blezard, and Wheatland, 1946) to become highly toxic when treated with doses of chlorine much smaller than are required to give residual chlorine detectable by the ortho-tolidine test. Evidence from laboratory tests suggested that this toxicity was mainly due to a compound formed by interaction of the chlorine with small quantities of thiocyanate derived initially from gas liquor admitted to the sewage and surviving treatment at the sewage works. Key & Etheridge (1934) has shown that oxidation of the thiocyanate in a percolating filter or an activated-sludge plant, depends on the establishment of the necessary bacterial flora, and that a sudden increase in the concentration of thiocyanate in the sewage may result in a proportion of it being discharged in the effluent. Admission of gas liquor to sewage is common practice, and chlorination of such effluents would have serious effects on the living organisms, including fish, in surface waters to which they were discharged. Further work has revealed the nature of the compound responsible for toxicity, and has established the relation between toxicity and concentration of the substance in solution. An experimental study has been made of conditions affecting its formation during chlorination and of means of removing it from solution.

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