Investigation on the ageing mechanism for a lithium-ion cell under accelerated tests: The case of primary frequency regulation service

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 102904
Author(s):  
S.G. Leonardi ◽  
D. Aloisio ◽  
G. Brunaccini ◽  
A. Stassi ◽  
M. Ferraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Accelerated Tests ◽  
Lithium Ion Cell ◽  
Primary Frequency

scholarly journals Profitability of Frequency Regulation by Electric Vehicles in Denmark and Japan Considering Battery Degradation Costs

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Calearo ◽  
Mattia Marinelli
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Domestic Prices ◽  
Market Framework ◽  
Battery Degradation ◽  
Primary Frequency ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Power Response ◽  
Full Activation

This paper determines the profitability of the primary frequency regulation (FR) service considering the wear of the electric vehicle (EV) battery as a cost. To evaluate the profitability of the FR service, the cost of degradation from FR provision is separated from the degradation caused by driving usage. During FR, the power response is proportional to the frequency deviation with full activation power of 9.2 kW, when deviations are larger than 100 mHz. The degradation due to FR is found to be an additional 1–2% to the 7–12% capacity reduction of a 40 kWh Lithium-ion NMC battery pack over 5 years. The overall economic framework is applied in Denmark, both DK1 and DK2, and Japan, by considering historical frequencies. The DK2 FR market framework is taken as reference also for the Japanese and the DK1 cases. Electricity prices and charger efficiency are the two main parameters that affect the profitability of the service. Indeed, with domestic prices there is no profitability, whereas with industrial prices, despite differences between the frequencies, the service is similarly profitable with approx. 3500€ for a five-year period.

A Robust Control Approach for Primary Frequency Regulation through Variable Speed Wind Turbines

2010 ◽  
Vol 130 (11) ◽  
pp. 1002-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Morel ◽  
Hassan Bevrani ◽  
Teruhiko Ishii ◽  
Takashi Hiyama
Keyword(s):  
Robust Control ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Primary Frequency

scholarly journals Primary Frequency Regulation of Intelligent Building-type Virtual Power Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 1966 (1) ◽  
pp. 012053
Author(s):  
Yong Cui ◽  
Fei Xiao ◽  
Jun Gu ◽  
Weihong Wang ◽  
Liang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Intelligent Building ◽  
Virtual Power Plant ◽  
Building Type ◽  
Primary Frequency

A Computational Framework for Lithium Ion Cell-Level Model Predictive Control Using a Physics-Based Reduced-Order Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1387-1392
Author(s):  
Marcelo A. Xavier ◽  
Aloisio K. de Souza ◽  
Kiana Karami ◽  
Gregory L. Plett ◽  
M. Scott Trimboli
Keyword(s):  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Reduced Order Model ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Reduced Order ◽  
Lithium Ion Cell ◽  
Level Model
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