Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Among Primary School Children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2015–2016

IntroductionADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorder among children. It is described as a chronic impairing disorder that negatively affects the academic attainment and social skills of the child. Furthermore, ADHD symptoms continue into adulthood in 30–60% of affected children. Consequently, they will most likely be missed from employment many times.AimsDetermine the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children in Saudi Arabia.ObjectivesDetermine the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among both governmental and private primary Saudi school children aged 6–9-year-old. And to measure the gender difference of ADHD prevalence. Also, to determine any association between the socio-demographic characteristic of parents of children with ADHD.MethodsAn observational cross-sectional study of 1000 primary school children belonging to 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade. The selected students were screened by the ADHD rating scale using multistage sampling technique. The first stage was selection of 20 schools from all Riyadh regions by simple randomization. The second stage was choosing children whom serial numbers were multiplies of five in each class. The ADHD rating scale was filled by both parents and teachers along with a socio-demographic questionnaire for the parents.ResultsThe estimated prevalence of ADHD was 3.4%. ADHD manifestations affect boys more than girls. In addition, ADHD was more frequent among children of illiterate mothers. Finally, ADHD was significantly more prevalent among first grade children.ConclusionThis epidemiological study filled the data gap of ADHD prevalence in Riyadh. The study's findings go in line with many nearby and global studies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Prevalence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Primary School Children in Oforikrom, Ghana Based on the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale

10.12809/eaap1907 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 88-90

Author(s):

Reindolf Anokye ◽

Enoch Acheampong ◽

Anthony Edusei ◽

Isaac Owusu ◽

Wisdom Kwadwo Mprah

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Primary School ◽

Disruptive Behavior ◽

School Children ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Behavior Disorders ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Disruptive Behavior Disorders ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

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Behaviour planning and inhibitory control in Sepedi-speaking primary school children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

South African Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1177/0081246319838104 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 11-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Mokobane ◽

Basil Joseph Pillay ◽

Anneke Meyer

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Primary School ◽

School Children ◽

Response Inhibition ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Control Group ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Gender And Age

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common disorders that can occur in children. The symptoms are thought to result from a deficit in executive functions. This study investigated whether children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes differed in behavioural planning and response inhibition, two of the domains of executive functioning, from a control group without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Furthermore, it examined whether the three attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes differed from each other in terms of performance. The sample ( n = 320) consisted of primary school children, aged between 6 and 14 years, from the Moletjie circuit (Limpopo). It consisted of an attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder group ( n = 160) and a control group ( n = 160). The Disruptive Behavioural Disorder rating scale was used to establish the symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Tower of London was used to measure planning ability, and the inhibition subtest (arrows and shapes) from the NEPSY-II (Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment, second edition) to measure response inhibition. Analysis of variance was employed to establish differences in subtype, gender, and age group. The results showed that children with the combined attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder subtype demonstrated significantly more deficits than the control group, in both behavioural planning and inhibition control. No significant differences between the hyperactive/impulsive and inattentive attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes and the control group were found. Gender and age did not influence performance with regard to planning and inhibition tasks. Correlations between planning behaviour and response inhibition were low, which suggests that they are distinct processes.

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