Impaired immune responses following spinal cord injury lead to reduced ability to control viral infection

Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers inflammation with activation of innate immune responses that contribute to secondary injury including oligodendrocyte apoptosis, demyelination, axonal degeneration, and neuronal death. Macrophage activation, accumulation, and persistent inflammation occur in SCI. Macrophages are heterogeneous cells with extensive functional plasticity and have the capacity to switch phenotypes by factors present in the inflammatory microenvironment of the injured spinal cord. This review will discuss the role of different polarized macrophages and the potential effect of macrophage-based therapies for SCI.

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Time-resolved single-cell RNAseq profiling identifies a novel Fabp5-expressing subpopulation of inflammatory myeloid cells in chronic spinal cord injury

10.1101/2020.10.21.346635 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Regan Hamel ◽

Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti ◽

Katherine Ridley ◽

Veronica Testa ◽

Bryan Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Myeloid Cells ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Chronic Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Time Resolved ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Infiltrating Cells

AbstractInnate immune responses following spinal cord injury (SCI) participate in early secondary pathogenesis and wound healing events. Here, we used time-resolved scRNAseq to map transcriptional profiles of SC tissue-resident and infiltrating myeloid cells post-SCI.Our work identifies a novel subpopulation of Fabp5+ inflammatory myeloid cells, comprising both resident and infiltrating cells and displaying a delayed cytotoxic profile at the lesion epicentre, which may serve as a target for future therapeutics.

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Mechanisms and implications of adaptive immune responses after traumatic spinal cord injury

Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.07.001 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 158 (3) ◽

pp. 1112-1121 ◽

Cited By ~ 97

Author(s):

D.P. Ankeny ◽

P.G. Popovich

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Cord Injury

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Role of Aldynoglia Cells in Neuroinflammatory and Neuroimmune Responses after Spinal Cord Injury

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10102783 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2783

Author(s):

Vinnitsa Buzoianu-Anguiano ◽

Mabel Torres-Llacsa ◽

Ernesto Doncel-Pérez

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Radial Glia ◽

Neural Tissue ◽

M2 Macrophage ◽

Axonal Regrowth ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Growth Promoting

Aldynoglia are growth-promoting cells with a morphology similar to radial glia and share properties and markers with astrocytes and Schwann cells. They are distributed in several locations throughout the adult central nervous system, where the cells of the aldynoglia interact and respond to the signals of the immune cells. After spinal cord injury (SCI), the functions of resident aldynoglia, identified as ependymocytes, tanycytes, and ependymal stem cells (EpSCs) of the spinal cord are crucial for the regeneration of spinal neural tissue. These glial cells facilitate axonal regrowth and remyelination of injured axons. Here, we review the influence of M1 or M2 macrophage/microglia subpopulations on the fate of EpSCs during neuroinflammation and immune responses in the acute, subacute, and chronic phases after SCI.

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