scholarly journals Role of Aldynoglia Cells in Neuroinflammatory and Neuroimmune Responses after Spinal Cord Injury

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2783
Author(s):  
Vinnitsa Buzoianu-Anguiano ◽  
Mabel Torres-Llacsa ◽  
Ernesto Doncel-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Radial Glia ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
Axonal Regrowth ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Growth Promoting

Aldynoglia are growth-promoting cells with a morphology similar to radial glia and share properties and markers with astrocytes and Schwann cells. They are distributed in several locations throughout the adult central nervous system, where the cells of the aldynoglia interact and respond to the signals of the immune cells. After spinal cord injury (SCI), the functions of resident aldynoglia, identified as ependymocytes, tanycytes, and ependymal stem cells (EpSCs) of the spinal cord are crucial for the regeneration of spinal neural tissue. These glial cells facilitate axonal regrowth and remyelination of injured axons. Here, we review the influence of M1 or M2 macrophage/microglia subpopulations on the fate of EpSCs during neuroinflammation and immune responses in the acute, subacute, and chronic phases after SCI.

scholarly journals Managing Inflammation after Spinal Cord Injury through Manipulation of Macrophage Function

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ren ◽  
Wise Young
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Microenvironment ◽  
Persistent Inflammation ◽  
Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers inflammation with activation of innate immune responses that contribute to secondary injury including oligodendrocyte apoptosis, demyelination, axonal degeneration, and neuronal death. Macrophage activation, accumulation, and persistent inflammation occur in SCI. Macrophages are heterogeneous cells with extensive functional plasticity and have the capacity to switch phenotypes by factors present in the inflammatory microenvironment of the injured spinal cord. This review will discuss the role of different polarized macrophages and the potential effect of macrophage-based therapies for SCI.

scholarly journals The Role of Astrogliosis in Formation of the Syrinx in Spinal Cord Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek M. Kwiecien ◽  
Wojciech Dąbrowski ◽  
Jordan R Yaron ◽  
Liqiang Zhang ◽  
Kathleen H. Delaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Vasogenic Edema ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Active Process ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
A Site

: A massive localized trauma to the spinal cord results in complex pathologic events driven by necrosis and vascular damage which in turn leads to hemorrhage and edema. Severe, destructive and very protracted inflammatory response is characterized by infiltration by phagocytic macrophages of a site of injury which is converted into a cavity of injury (COI) surrounded by astroglial reaction mounted by the spinal cord. The tissue response to the spinal cord injury (SCI) has been poorly understood but the final outcome appears to be a mature syrinx filled with the cerebrospinal fluid with related neural tissue loss and permanent neurologic deficits. This paper reviews known pathologic mechanisms involved in the formation of the COI after SCI and discusses the integrative role of reactive astrogliosis in mechanisms involved in the removal of edema after the injury. A large proportion of edema fluid originating from the trauma and then from vasogenic edema related to persistent severe inflammation, may be moved into the COI in an active process involving astrogliosis and specifically over-expressed aquaporins.

scholarly journals Role of melatonin in the dynamics of acute spinal cord injury in rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Bi ◽  
Jianxiong Shen ◽  
Chong Chen ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Haining Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Acute Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Exoskeletons, Rehabilitation and Bodily Capacities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1357034X2110256
Author(s):  
Denisa Butnaru
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accidents ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Neurological Conditions

Motility impairments resulting from spinal cord injuries and cerebrovascular accidents are increasingly prevalent in society, leading to the growing development of rehabilitative robotic technologies, among them exoskeletons. This article outlines how bodies with neurological conditions such as spinal cord injury and stroke engage in processes of re-appropriation while using exoskeletons and some of the challenges they face. The main task of exoskeletons in rehabilitative environments is either to rehabilitate or ameliorate anatomic functions of impaired bodies. In these complex processes, they also play a crucial role in recasting specific corporeal phenomenologies. For the accomplishment of these forms of corporeal re-appropriation, the role of experts is crucial. This article explores how categories such as bodily resistance, techno-inter-corporeal co-production of bodies and machines, as well as body work mark the landscape of these contemporary forms of impaired corporeality. While defending corporeal extension rather than incorporation, I argue against the figure of the ‘cyborg’ and posit the idea of ‘residual subjectivity’.

Induction of Autophagy and Autophagic Cell Death in Damaged Neural Tissue After Acute Spinal Cord Injury in Mice

Spine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (22) ◽  
pp. E1427-E1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruo Kanno ◽  
Hiroshi Ozawa ◽  
Akira Sekiguchi ◽  
Seiji Yamaya ◽  
Eiji Itoi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Acute Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Autophagic Cell Death ◽  
Cord Injury
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