Implications of future risk of fusiform rust on optimal forest management of even-aged slash pine plantations

Abstract Five surveys of pine plantations in East Texas over an 18-year period (1969-1987) indicated that fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme Birdsall and Snow) infection rates have increased to current levels of about 50% on slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and are continuing to increase on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) to 10-15% levels. South. J. Appl. For. 12(4):259-261.

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Effects of forest harvesting on soil methane fluxes in Florida slash pine plantations

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x00-084 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 30 (10) ◽

pp. 1534-1542 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Mark S Castro ◽

Henry L Gholz ◽

Ken L Clark ◽

Paul A Steudler

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Forest Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Pore Space ◽

Pinus Elliottii ◽

Forest Harvesting ◽

Slash Pine ◽

Pine Plantations ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Moisture Contents

We examined the effects of forest harvesting on the net exchange of methane (CH4) between the atmosphere and sandy soils in two mature slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) plantations in northern Florida. Before each of the stem-only harvests, soils in these plantations were net sinks for CH4 (-0.03 to -2.6 mg CH4·m-2·d-1) on all but one sampling date. On this one pre-harvest sampling date, soils in one plantation were net sources of CH4. This emission coincided with an average soil moisture content of 83% water filled pore space (WFPS), which was significantly greater than the average soil moisture contents (25-66% WFPS) for all pre-harvest sampling dates. After harvesting, soils in both plantations became net sources of CH4. Average emission rates from harvested soils ranged from 3 to 11 mg CH4·m-2·d-1. Harvested soils were net sources of CH4 for at least 1 year after the harvest. However, the duration of the post-harvest CH4 emission period was reduced by bedding the plantation soils, a typical post-harvest site preparation treatment. Bedded soils in harvested stands were either relatively small net CH4 sources (0.2 mg CH4·m-2·d-1) or net CH4 sinks (-0.4 mg CH4·m-2·d-1). Soil CH4 fluxes were highly correlated with soil moisture contents (r2 = 0.66 and 0.71; significant at p < 0.05), which were strongly influenced by climate and forest management practices. For example, soil moisture contents for one of our sites, averaged over the pre-harvest, post-harvest, and post-harvest-plus-bedding periods were 46, 68, and 38% WFPS, respectively. Our results suggest that increased soil moisture in southern pine plantations induced by either precipitation events or forest management changes the direction of the soil CH4 flux from sink to source.

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Sawtimber as an Alternative Forest Management Strategy for Sites with a High Fusiform Rust Hazard

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/11.4.228 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 228-231

Author(s):

R. C. Froelich

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Pinus Elliottii ◽

Slash Pine ◽

Potential Yield ◽

Fusiform Rust ◽

Stem Infection

Abstract High percentages of fusiform rust stem infection in slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) plantations make it impossible to obtain maximum fiber (pulpwood) yield. Whether sawtimber yields wilt also be reduced depends largely on initial stocking. Most plantations that develop as much as 60 to 70% stem infection should be capable of achieving their potential yield of sawtimber if 500 to 600 trees are living at the end of the first growing set, son. South J. Appl. For. 11(4):228-231.

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Fusiform Rust Trends in East Texas

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/10.4.215 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 215-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ellis V. Hunt ◽

J. David Lenhart

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Pinus Elliottii ◽

Slash Pine ◽

Pine Plantations ◽

East Texas ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Fusiform Rust ◽

Loblolly Pines ◽

Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Four surveys of pine plantations in East Texas between 1969 and 1984 indicate that fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme) infection rates are increasing on slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and either decreasing or about constant on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Currently, stem infections occur on about 1 in 2 slash pines and 1 in 14 loblolly pines. South. J. Appl. For. 10:215-216, Nov. 1986.

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Triadimefon Controls Fusiform Rust in Young Slash Pine Plantations

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/10.2.112 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 112-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. J. Rowan

Keyword(s):

Tree Growth ◽

Pinus Elliottii ◽

Slash Pine ◽

Pine Plantations ◽

Effective Control ◽

Fusiform Rust ◽

Foliar Sprays

Abstract Triadimefon (Bayleton®) effectively controlled fusiform rust in a slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) plantation when three or more foliar sprays containing 600 ppm a.i. were applied annually (March to June) to runoff. Fewer foliar sprays and a top-dip applied at planting did not provide effective control of the disease. From the spray volumes applied over a five-year period, an estimated maximum of 505 mg a.i. triadimefon accumulated per tree. This amount did not reduce tree growth or survival. South. J. Appl. For. 10:112-114, May 1986.

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Association Between Fusiform Rust Incidence and CRIFF Soil Classification for Slash Pine Plantations in the Coastal Plain of Florida and Georgia

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/14.1.39 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 39-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert A. Schmidt ◽

Eric J. Jokela ◽

James E. Allen ◽

Roger P. Belanger ◽

Thomas Miller

Keyword(s):

Coastal Plain ◽

Soil Classification ◽

Slash Pine ◽

Pine Plantations ◽

Alternate Host ◽

Cooperative Research ◽

Data Set ◽

Fusiform Rust ◽

Stem Gall ◽

Soil Groups

Abstract The association between fusiform rust incidence in young slash pine plantations and the CRIFF (Cooperative Research in Forest Fertilization) soil classification system in the Coastal Plain of Florida and Georgia was examined in two independent data sets: (1) 958 predominantly 5-year-old plantations from an industrial forest inventory and (2) 73 9-to-13-year-old plantations in a CRIFF research study. Rust incidence was calculated as the percentage of living trees with a branch or stem gall. Soils were classified into six groups (A-F) according to soil drainage and the nature of and depth to the B horizon. A third data set relates oak (alternate host) abundance to soil groups in 53 plantations. Overall, the very poorly to moderately well-drained CRIFF C and D group soils (flatwoods Spodosols) exhibit the lowest rust incidence (ẋ = 5.9% and 5.3%); the moderately well- to well-drained E and F group soils (Inceptisols and Ultisols) have the highest rust incidence (ẋ = 45.2% and 28.5%); and the poorly to somewhat poorly drained A and B soils (Ultisols, Entisols, and Inceptisols) are intermediate in rust incidence (ẋ = 18.4% and 16.5%). Oak abundance varied significantly within and among soil groups. In general, oaks were more abundant on E and F soils than on B and C group soils. CRIFF soil groups are useful to characterize regional rust incidence, but are not associated with rust incidence in individual plantations. Plantations of like soil groups exhibit high or low rust incidence depending on the mean rust incidence of the area in which they occur. South. J. Appl. For. 14(1):39-43.

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Delineation of Fusiform Rust Hazard Based on Estimated Volume Loss as a Guide to Rust Management Decisions in Slash Pine Plantations

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/6.1.59 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 59-63

Author(s):

Robert A. Schmidt ◽

Michael C. Klapproth

Keyword(s):

Survey Data ◽

Empirical Model ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Slash Pine ◽

Pine Plantations ◽

Published Data ◽

Hazard Map ◽

Volume Loss ◽

Fusiform Rust ◽

Percentage Volume

Abstract Using published data, an empirical model is derived to approximate volume loss due to fusiform rust in slash pine plantations. Specifically, cumulative percentage volume loss at age 15 years is estimated as a function of percentage-rust-associated mortality at age 15 years, percentage stems infected at age 5 years and percentage trees infected at ages 5-10 years. Volume losses of <15, 15-35, and >35 percent at age 15 years are arbitrarily defined as low-, moderate-, and high-rust hazard, respectively. The corresponding percentages of trees with rust were <18, 18-43, and >43 at age 5 years, and <44, 44-77, and >77 at age 10 years. Using these approximations, a regional rust-hazard map for 10-year-old slash pine plantations is developed from rust survey data and potential rust management strategies are discussed for the region and for planatations.

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