A phenomenological model, F, of the superconducting phase of systems with spin-charge separation and antiferromagnetically induced pairing is studied. Above Hc1, magnetic flux can always pierce the superconductor in vortices with flux hc/2e, but regimes are found in which vortices with flux hc/e are preferred. Little-Park and other experiments, which examine periodicities with a varying magnetic field, always observe a period of hc/2e. The low energy properties of a symplectic large-N expansion of a model of the cuprate superconductors are argued to be well described by F. This analysis and some normal state properties of the cuprates suggest that hc/e vortices should be stable at the lowest dopings away from the insulating state at which superconductivity first occurs.
A phenomenological model for near-nozzle fluid processes: Identification and qualitative characterisations
