Lower limb bones shape variations of a paediatric population

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 122-124
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Limb Bones

scholarly journals RESEARCH REGARDING CAD MODELING OF THE HUMAN LOWER LIMB BONES

2013 ◽  
Vol XXII (XII), 2013/1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena-Iulia HUZU ◽  
Ioana COFARU ◽  
Nicolae COFARU
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Cad Modeling ◽  
Limb Bones

The Long Limb Bones of the StW 573 Australopithecus Skeleton from Sterkfontein Member 2: Descriptions and Proportions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason L. Heaton ◽  
Travis Rayne Pickering ◽  
Kristian J. Carlson ◽  
Robin H. Crompton ◽  
Tea Jashashvili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Climbing Ability ◽  
Early Hominin ◽  
Allometric Analysis ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Limb Proportions

Due to its completeness, the A.L. 288-1 (Lucy) skeleton has long served as the archetypal bipedal Australopithecus. However, there remains considerable debate about its limb proportions. There are three competing, but not necessarily mutually exclusive, explanations for the high humerofemoral index of A.L. 288-1: (1) a retention of proportions from an Ardipithecus-like most recent common ancestor (MRCA); (2) indication of some degree of climbing ability; (3) allometry. Recent discoveries of other partial skeletons of Australopithecus, such as those of A. sediba (MH1 and MH2) and A. afarensis (KSD-VP-1/1 and DIK-1/1), have provided new opportunities to test hypotheses of early hominin body size and limb proportions. Yet, no early hominin is as complete (>90%), as is the 3.67 Ma Little Foot (StW 573) specimen, from Sterkfontein Member 2. Here, we provide the first descriptions of its upper and lower long limb bones, as well as a comparative context of its limb proportions. As to the latter, we found that StW 573 possesses absolutely longer limb lengths than A.L. 288-1, but both skeletons show similar limb proportions. This finding seems to argue against an allometric explanation for the limb proportions of A.L. 288-1. In fact, our multivariate allometric analysis suggests that limb lengths of Australopithecus, as represented by StW 573 and A.L. 288-1, developed along a significantly different (p < 0.001) allometric scale than that which typifies modern humans and African apes. Our analyses also suggest, as have those of others, that hominin limb evolution occurred in two stages with: (1) a modest increase in lower limb length and a concurrent shortening of the antebrachium between Ardipithecus and Australopithecus, followed by (2) considerable lengthening of the lower limb along with a decrease of both upper limb elements occurring between Australopithecus and Homo sapiens.

scholarly journals Gendered Differences in Accidental Trauma to Upper and Lower Limb Bones at Aquincum, Roman Hungary

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 75-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Gilmour ◽  
Rebecca Gowland ◽  
Charlotte Roberts ◽  
Zsolt Bernert ◽  
Katalin Klára Kiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Accidental Trauma

Stature estimation from partial measurements and maximum length of lower limb bones in Koreans

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Je-Hun Lee ◽  
Yi Suk Kim ◽  
U-Young Lee ◽  
Dae-Kyoon Park ◽  
Young-Kil Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Maximum Length ◽  
Stature Estimation ◽  
Limb Bones

scholarly journals Updated lower limb stature estimation equations for a South African population group

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (5/6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubarak A. Bidmos ◽  
Desiré Brits
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Population Group ◽  
African Population ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
South African Population ◽  
Stature Estimation ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Black South African

One of the main steps in the identification of an unknown person, from their skeletal remains, is the estimation of stature. Measurements of intact long bones of the upper and lower extremities are widely used for this purpose because of the high correlation that exists between these bones and stature. In 1987, Lundy and Feldesman presented regression equations for stature estimation for the black South African population group based on measurements of bones from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons. Local anthropologists have questioned the validity of these equations. Living stature measurement and magnetic resonance imaging scanograms of 58 adult volunteers (28 males and 30 females) representing the modern black South African population group were obtained. Physiological length of the femur (FEPL) and physiological length of the tibia (TPL) were measured on each scanogram and substituted into appropriate equations of Lundy and Feldesman (S Afr J Sci. 1987;83:54–55) to obtain total skeletal height (TSHL&F). Measured total skeletal height (TSHMeas) for each subject from scanograms was compared with TSHL&F. Both FEPL and TPL presented with significantly high positive correlations with TSHMeas. A comparison between TSHL&F and TSHMeas using a paired t-test, showed a statistically significant difference – an indication of non-validity of Lundy and Feldesman’s equations. New regression equations for estimation of living stature were formulated separately for male and female subjects. The standard error of estimate was low, which compared well with those reported for other studies that used long limb bones. Significance: • Statistically significant differences were observed between measured and estimated skeletal height, thus confirming non-validity of Lundy and Fieldsman’s (1987) equations for lower limb bones. • New regression equations for living stature estimation were formulated for femur and tibia lengths, and the low standard error of estimates of equations compared well to results from other studies.

scholarly journals Postoperative Results of Combined Intramedullary Nail and Local Continuous Perfusion Therapy for Open Fractures of Long Lower Limb Bones

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Mitsuru MOMMA ◽  
Kazuo NAGASHIMA ◽  
Yoshihisa TASHIRO ◽  
Yutaka HIRAIZUMI ◽  
Ryung Ji KIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intramedullary Nail ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Open Fractures ◽  
Postoperative Results ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Continuous Perfusion

Consideration of pulmonary thromboembolism in paediatric patients presenting to the emergency department with abdominal pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e239175
Author(s):  
Wasyla Ibrahim ◽  
Farhat Mushtaq
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Pulmonary Thromboembolism ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Limb Trauma ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Lower Limb Trauma

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a recognised complication of lower limb trauma in adult patients and classically presents with cardiopulmonary symptoms. However, the risk of VTE and its presenting signs and symptoms are less well documented in the paediatric population. We report the case of a child who presented to our emergency department with abdominal pain 2 weeks after lower limb fracture, who was subsequently found to have a pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). This case report highlights the importance of having a high index of suspicion for VTE in the paediatric population if there are predisposing risk factors and to consider PTE as a differential cause of abdominal pain. To the authors’ knowledge, no case has been described in which a child presenting with abdominal pain was consequently found to have a pulmonary embolism.

scholarly journals Morphological Variation In Paediatric Lower Limb Bones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Carman ◽  
Thor Besier ◽  
Julie Choisne
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Bone Geometry ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Linear Scaling ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Shape Model

Abstract Available methods for generating paediatric musculoskeletal geometry are to scale generic adult geometry, which is widely accessible but can be inaccurate, or to obtain geometry from medical imaging, which is accurate but time-consuming and costly. A population-based shape model is required to generate accurate and accessible musculoskeletal geometry in a paediatric population. The pelvis, femur, and tibia/fibula were segmented from 333 CT scans of children aged 4-18 years. Bone morphology variation was captured using principal component analysis (PCA). Subsequently, a shape model was developed to predict bone geometry from demographic and linear bone measurements and validated using a leave one out analysis. The shape model was compared to linear scaling of adult and paediatric bone geometry. The PCA captured growth-related changes in bone geometry. The shape model predicted bone geometry with root mean squared error (RMSE) of 2.91±0.99mm in the pelvis, 2.01±0.62mm in the femur, and 1.85±0.54mm in the tibia/fibula. Linear scaling of an adult mesh produced RMSE of 4.79±1.39mm in the pelvis, 4.38±0.72mm in the femur, and 4.39±0.86mm in the tibia/fibula. We have developed a method for capturing and predicting lower limb bone shape variation in a paediatric population more accurately than linear scaling without using medical imaging.

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