Carbon stock estimation and changes associated with thermokarst activity, forest disturbance, and land use changes in Eastern Siberia

As compared with conventional approaches for reducing carbon emissions, the strategies of reducing emissions from deforestations and forest degradation (REDD) can greatly reduce costs. Hence, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change regards the REDD strategies as a crucial approach to mitigate climate change. To respond to climate change, Taiwan passed the Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Management Act to control the emissions of greenhouse gases. In 2021, the Taiwan government has announced that it will achieve the carbon neutrality target by 2050. Accordingly, starting with focusing on the carbon sink, the REDD strategies have been considered a recognized and feasible strategy in Taiwan. This study analyzed the net present value and carbon storage for various land-use types to estimate the carbon stock and opportunity cost of land-use changes. When the change of agricultural land to artificial forests generated carbon stock, the opportunity cost of carbon stock was negative. Contrarily, restoring artificial forests (which refer to a kind of forest that is formed through artificial planting, cultivation, and conservation) to agricultural land would generate carbon emissions, but create additional income. Since the opportunity cost of carbon storage needs to be lower than the carbon market price so that landlords have incentives to conduct REDD+, the outcomes of this study can provide a reference for the government to set an appropriate subsidy or price for carbon sinks. It is suggested that the government should offer sufficient incentives to reforest collapsed land, and implement interventions, promote carbon trading policies, or regulate the development of agricultural land so as to maintain artificial broadleaf forests for increased carbon storage.

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Estimation of Carbon Stock Lossfrom Land Use Changes in Bogor Regency

Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) ◽

10.19081/jpsl.5.2.141 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 141

Author(s):

Gatot Setiawan ◽

◽

Lailan Syaufina ◽

Nining Puspaningsih ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Carbon Stock ◽

Land Use Changes

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Land Use Change and Coronavirus Emergence Risk

10.1101/2020.07.31.20166090 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Cristina Rulli ◽

Paolo D’Odorico ◽

Nikolas Galli ◽

David T.S. Hayman

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Use Change ◽

Forest Fragmentation ◽

Forest Disturbance ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Wildlife Habitat ◽

Hotspot Analysis ◽

Wildlife Reservoirs ◽

Horseshoe Bats ◽

Human Density

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) causing coronaviruses are mostly discovered in Asian horseshoe bats. It is still unclear how ongoing land use changes may facilitate SARS-related coronavirus transmission to humans. Here we use a multivariate hotspot analysis of high-resolution land-use data to show that regions of China populated by horseshoe bats are hotspots of forest fragmentation, livestock and human density. We also identify areas susceptible to new hotspot emergence in response to moderate expansion of urbanization, livestock production, or forest disturbance, thereby highlighting regions vulnerable to SARS-CoV spillover under future land-use change. In China population growth and increasing meat consumption associated with urbanization and economic development have expanded the footprint of agriculture, leading to human encroachment in wildlife habitat and increased livestock density in areas adjacent to fragmented forests. The reduced distance between horseshoe-bats and humans elevates the risk for SARS-related coronavirus transmission to humans.Sentence summarizing manuscriptWildlife reservoirs for SARS-coronavirus-2 live in global hotspots of forest fragmentation, livestock, and human density in China

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Land-Use Changes and the Effects of Oil Palm Expansion on a Peatland in Southern Thailand

Frontiers in Earth Science ◽

10.3389/feart.2020.559868 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Prapawadee Srisunthon ◽

Sakonvan Chawchai

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Paddy Field ◽

Carbon Stock ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Land Development ◽

Evergreen Forest ◽

Wildlife Sanctuary ◽

Southern Thailand

Tropical peatlands are one of the largest reservoirs of terrestrial organic carbon. However, present-day tropical peat swamp forests are under threat by anthropogenic disturbances and have already been widely degraded. Anthropogenic pressures on peatland ecosystems have resulted in ecological and biogeochemical changes and the release of carbon to the atmosphere. In Southeast Asia, the conversion of peatlands to oil palm plantations has accelerated significantly during the last 2 decades. This research analyzed direct and indirect land-use changes (DLUC and ILUC) that have been associated with oil palm expansion and anthropogenic impacts in the Princess Sirindhorn Wildlife Sanctuary (PSWS), Narathiwat, southern Thailand. Our analysis is based on land-use and land-cover data of the Land Development of Thailand from two different periods: 2000–2009 and 2009–2016. For the purpose of comparison, the data were reclassified into 12 types of land use: oil palm, para rubber, paddy field, abandoned paddy field, orchard, other agriculture lands, wetlands and peatlands, mangrove, evergreen forest, water area, build-up area, and unused area. In addition, the area of net change due to DLUC and ILUC was calculated, and carbon stock changes were estimated from above- and below-ground biomass and soil organic carbon. The results show that the total oil palm plantation area has increased from 0.04% in 2000 to 6.84% in 2016, because of a Thai government policy promoting the use of biodiesel and increasing capacity of palm oil production in 2005. Paddy field, evergreen forest, wetlands, and peatlands were the main areas being replaced. The clearance of natural forest greatly increased in the period of 2000–2009. The ILUC indicates that the expansion of oil palm plantations invades other croplands (paddy field, para rubber, and orchard). The results demonstrate that the conversion of natural landscapes (evergreen forest, mangrove, wetlands, and peatlands) to oil palm plantations at Princess Sirindhorn Wildlife Sanctuary area had a negative effect, with carbon stock changes of 4 million Mg C during 2000–2016 (0.25 million Mg C/year). Given the significance of carbon stock changes arising from land-use changes, this research highlights the need for sustainable land-use management and long-term monitoring.

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Monitoring Carbon Stock and Land-Use Change in 5000-Year-Old Juniper Forest Stand of Ziarat, Balochistan, through a Synergistic Approach

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12010051 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Hamayoon Jallat ◽

Muhammad Fahim Khokhar ◽

Kamziah Abdul Kudus ◽

Mohd Nazre ◽

Najam u Saqib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Carbon Stock ◽

Linear Prediction ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Soil Carbon Stock ◽

Juniperus Excelsa ◽

Synergistic Approach ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Business As Usual ◽

Linear Prediction Model

The Juniper forest reserve of Ziarat is one of the biggest Juniperus forests in the world. This study assessed the land-use changes and carbon stock of Ziarat. Different types of carbon pools were quantified in terms of storage in the study area in tons/ha i.e., above ground, soil, shrubs and litter. The Juniper species of this forest is putatively called Juniperus excelsa Beiberstein. To estimate above-ground biomass, different allometric equations were applied. Average above ground carbon stock of the forest was estimated as 8.34 ton/ha, 7.79 ton/ha and 8.4 ton/ha using each equation. Average carbon stock in soil, shrubs and litter was calculated as 24.35 ton/ha, 0.05 ton/ha and 1.52 ton/ha, respectively. Based on our results, soil carbon stock in the Juniper forest of Ziarat came out to be higher than the living biomass. Furthermore, the spatio-temporal classified maps for Ziarat showed that forest area has significantly decreased, while agricultural and barren lands increased from 1988 to 2018. This was supported by the fact that estimated carbon stock also showed a decreasing pattern between the evaluation periods of 1988 to 2018. Furthermore, the trend for land use and carbon stock was estimated post 2018 using a linear prediction model. The results corroborate the assumption that under a business as usual scenario, it is highly likely that the Juniperus forest will severely decline.

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Tree diversity and Above-ground carbon Stock Estimation in various land use systems of Banjarnegara, Banyumas and Purbalingga, Central Java

10.5716/wp17363.pdf ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Subekti Rahayu ◽

Sidiq Pambudi

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Carbon Stock ◽

Tree Diversity ◽

Land Use Systems ◽

Central Java ◽

Stock Estimation

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Analisis Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan dan Cadangan Karbon sebagai Indikator Degradasi Lingkungan di Kecamatan Sandai Kabupaten Ketapang

Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan ◽

10.14710/jil.19.3.576-581 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 576-581

Author(s):

Debi Sumarlin ◽

Evi Gusmayanti ◽

Gusti Zakaria Anshari

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Carbon Stock ◽

Visual Analysis ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Landsat Imagery ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Carbon Stocks ◽

Land Resources ◽

Forest Land ◽

Economic Activities

Sumberdaya hutan dan lahan merupakan sumberdaya yang menjadi andalan dalam aktivitas sosial ekonomi masyarakat terutama di negara berkembang. Sumber daya hutan dan lahan memiliki permasalahan seperti kegiatan konversi area hutan ke penggunaan lahan non hutan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan penggunaan lahan di Kecamatan Sandai pada periode 2000 sampai 2019. Selanjutnya hasil analisis digunakan untuk mengestimasi cadangan karbon. Data perubahan penggunaan lahan diperoleh dari analisis visual citra landsat, sedangkan cadangan karbon dihitung berdasarkan total luas penggunaaan lahan dengan standar cadangan karbon di setiap penggunaan lahan. Hasil analisis citra pada tahun 2019 dicocokkan dengan kondisi di lapangan. Hasil pengecekan pada 30 titik dengan kondisi terakhir penggunaan lahan tahun 2019 diperoleh kecocokan sebanyak 26 titik (87%), Ketidakcocokan terjadi karena perubahan penggunan lahan hutan sekunder menjadi kebun (1 titik), semak belukar menjadi tambang (1 titik), pertanian lahan kering menjadi lahan terbuka (1 titik) dan penggunaan lahan transmigrasi berubah menjadi semak belukar (1 titik). Penggunaan lahan yang paling dominan mengalami perubahan adalah hutan lahan kering sekunder dan perkebunan. Hutan lahan kering sekunder tahun 2000 yaitu seluas 39.931,11 ha, pada tahun 2011 menjadi 32.833,22 ha dan tahun 2019 menjadi 17.180,02 ha. Hutan lahan kering sekunder mengalami penurunan luas 22.751,09 ha dari luas 39.931,11 ha pada tahun 2000. Penggunaan lahan perkebunan tahun 2000 adalah 2.303,01 ha, mengalami penambahan luas tahun 2011 menjadi 3.996,79 dan tahun 2019 menjadi 13.937,42 ha. Penggunaan lahan perkebunan mengalami penambahan luas sebesar 13.937,42 ha dari luas 2.003,01 ha pada tahun 2000. Cadangan karbon tahun 2000 adalah 5.873,585 ton/ha, tahun 2011 menjadi 5.391,709 ton/ha dan tahun 2019 4.605,672 ton/ha. Cadangan karbon mengalami penurunan dari tahun 2000 sampai 2019 sebesar 1.267,91 ton/ha. AbstractForest and land resources are the leading sector in the socio-economic activities of the community, especially in developing countries. Forest and land resources have problems such as the conversion of forest areas to non-forest land uses. The purpose of this study is to identify land use changes in Sandai District in the period 2000 to 2019. An analysis for above ground carbon stock also carried out in this study. Land use change data was obtained from visual analysis of Landsat imagery, while carbon stock was calculated based on the total land use area with carbon stock standards in each land use. Ground checking was carried out to validate the image in 2019 with field conditions. The results of ground checking at 30 points with the latest conditions of land use in 2019 obtained 26 points (87%), mismatches occurred due to changes in secondary forest land use to plantations (1 point), shrubs to mining (1 point), dryland agriculture to bareland (1 point) and transmigration changed to shrubs (1 point). The most dominant land use changes are secondary dryland forest and plantations. The secondary dryland forest in 2000 was 39.931,11 ha, it became 32,833.22 ha in 2011, and 17.180,02 ha in 2019. Secondary dryland forest decreased by 22.751,09 ha in 2019 from 39.931,11 ha in 2000. Plantations in 2000 was 2.303,01 ha increase to 3.996,79 in 2011 and 13,937.42 ha in 2019. Plantations increased by 13.937,42 ha in 2019 from 2.003,01 ha in 2000. Carbon stocks in 2000 were 5.873.585 tons/ha, it became 5,391,709 tons/ha in 2011 and 4,605.672 tons/ha in 2019. Carbon stocks decreased from 2000 to 2019 by 1.267,91 tons/ha.

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