The gelling behavior of gellan in the presence of different sodium salts

SummaryComparative plasma heparin levels were measured in normal subjects injected subcutaneously with 5,000 units of the sodium and calcium salts of heparin. Plasma heparin levels were measured up to 7 hr post-injection by an anti-factor Xa assay (Denson and Bonnar 1973). Preliminary studies indicated that heparin levels were reproducible in subjects who received two injections of the same heparin. Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) and the time at which peak concentration was reached (Tmax) varied greatly from subject to subject. In one group of subjects (15) two commonly used heparins, a sodium heparin (Evans) and a calcium heparin (Choay) were compared. Peak heparin concentrations were not significantly different. However the Tmax for the sodium heparin (1.5 hr) was significantly earlier than the Tmax for the calcium heparin (3 hr) and this was not due to a difference in the volume of the two heparin injections. No significant difference could be detected in the plasma clearance rate and the molecular weight distribution of the two heparins.In two other groups of subjects, sodium and calcium preparations from two manufacturers were compared. In general, the sodium salts gave rise to significantly higher plasma concentrations, which could be interpreted as a greater bioavailability of sodium salts. These results indicate that the salt of the heparin can influence the plasma concentration achieved after subcutaneous injection.

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BIOASSAY OF THYROID HORMONE USING HYPOTHYROID TADPOLES

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0410143 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 143-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

U. Henriques

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Dose Response ◽

Developmental Rate ◽

Response Curves ◽

Sodium Salts ◽

Dose Response Curves

ABSTRACT A bioassay of thyroid hormone has been developed using Xenopus larvae made hypothyroid by the administration of thiourea. Only tadpoles of uniform developmental rate were used. Thiourea was given just before the metamorphotic climax in concentrations that produced neoteni in an early metamorphotic stage. During maintained thiourea neotoni, 1-thyroxine and 1-triiodothyronine were added as sodium salts to the water for three days and at the end of one week the stage of metamorphosis produced was determined. In this way identical dose-response curves were obtained for the two compounds. No qualitative differences between their effects were noted except that triiodothyronine seemed more toxic than thyroxine in equivalent doses. Triiodothyronine was found to be 7–12 times as active as thyroxine.

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Synthesis and Properties of Sodium Salts of Sulfonated Cardanol Polyethoxylates

Tenside Surfactants Detergents ◽

10.3139/113.110603 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 43-49

Author(s):

Xiaochen Liu ◽

Yueqing Huo ◽

Jinping Niu

Keyword(s):

Sodium Salts

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Substance Overview for Diethylenetriaminepenta(methylenephosphonic acid) and its sodium salts

The MAK-Collection for Occupational Health and Safety ◽

10.1002/3527600418.mbe1582760ksk ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 1-1

Keyword(s):

Sodium Salts

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The atomic absorption spectrometry of molybdenum in the presence of sulphonated aromatic compounds

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19810708 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 708-716 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Josef Komárek ◽

Vít Mahr ◽

Lumír Sommer

Keyword(s):

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Atomic Absorption ◽

Aromatic Compounds ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Probable Mechanism ◽

Sodium Salts ◽

Sulphosalicylic Acid

The effect of sulphonated aromatic compounds on the atomization of molybdenum in acetylene-air and nitrous oxide-acetylene flames was studied. The absorbance signal is increased in the presence of these compounds only in acetylene-nitrous oxide flames and in the presence of potassium or sodium salts. Otherwise, the absorbance is decreased. The probable mechanism of the effect of sulphonated aromatic groups during the atomization of molybdenum is discussed. The determination in the presence of 0.1M 5-sulphosalicylic acid and 9.5 mg ml-1 KCl is without interference and has high sensitivity.

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Conductance and Viscometric Studies of Some Tetraalkylammonium and Sodium Salts in Acetonitrile-Dimethyl Sulfoxide Mixtures at 35 °C

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19922078 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 57 (10) ◽

pp. 2078-2088 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mohinder S. Chauhan ◽

Kishore C. Sharma ◽

Sanjay Gupta ◽

Suvarcha Chauhan ◽

Vijay K. Syal

Keyword(s):

Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽

Binary Mixtures ◽

Molar Conductivity ◽

Viscosity Data ◽

Conductivity Data ◽

Equation Resolution ◽

Solvent Interaction ◽

Sodium Salts ◽

Ionic Components

Molar conductances and viscosities of Bu4NBPh4, NaBPh4 and R4NBr (R ethyl, propyl and butyl) at 35 °C in acetonitrile (AN), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and their binary mixtures have been reported. The conductivity data has been analysed by the Shedlovsky conductance equation and viscosity data by the Jones-Dole equation. Resolution of limiting molar conductivity (Λ0) and viscosity B coefficient of electrolytes into their ionic components have been achieved by the reference salt method. Viscosity A coefficients have been compared with theoretical Aη coefficients. Derived conductance and viscosity parameters have been discussed in terms of the ion-solvent interaction.

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1H, 13C and 15N NMR Spectra of Coupling Products of Benzenediazonium Salts with Aliphatic Nitro Compounds and Study of Their E/Z Isomerism

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19960589 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 589-596 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Antonín Lyčka

Keyword(s):

Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽

Nmr Spectra ◽

Chemical Shifts ◽

Nitro Compounds ◽

Coupling Constants ◽

15N Nmr ◽

Geometrical Isomers ◽

Sodium Salts ◽

Aliphatic Nitro Compounds ◽

Tautomeric Forms

The 1H, 13C and 15N NMR spectra have been measured of coupling products of benzenediazonium salts with nitromethane, nitroethane, 1-nitropropane, 2-nitroethanol and of their sodium salts, and the chemical shifts have been unambiguously assigned. The coupling products have been found to exist only in their hydrazone tautomeric forms. Stereospecific behaviour of the coupling constants 2J(15N,1H) and 2J(15N,13C) in the 15N isotopomers and NOESY have been used to differentiate between the E and Z geometrical isomers. The above-mentioned compounds exist as Z isomers in deuteriochloroform and predominantly (>95%) as E isomers in dimethyl sulfoxide, while the sodium salts are present only as E isomers in dimethyl sulfoxide.

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