scholarly journals Risk factors associated with low CD4+ lymphocyte count among HIV-positive pregnant women in Nigeria

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alash'le Abimiku ◽  
Pacha Villalba-Diebold ◽  
Jelpe Dadik ◽  
Felicia Okolo ◽  
Edwina Mang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Late Presentation of HIV and Estimation of Antiretroviral Treatment Need according to CD4 Lymphocyte Count in a Resource-Limited Setting: Data from an HIV Cohort Study in India

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Alvarez-Uria ◽  
Manoranjan Midde ◽  
Raghavakalyan Pakam ◽  
Shanmugamari Kannan ◽  
Lakshminarayana Bachu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Antenatal Screening ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte

We describe the CD4 lymphocyte count at HIV presentation in an HIV cohort from a rural district of India. The majority of patients were diagnosed for their HIV-related symptoms, although a sizeable proportion of women were diagnosed because of antenatal screening or for having an HIV-positive partner. Patients diagnosed of HIV for antenatal screening or having an HIV-positive sexual partner had higher CD4 lymphocyte count than patients having tuberculosis or HIV-related symptoms. The proportion of patients diagnosed with CD4 count <200 and <350 cells/mm3were 46% and 68.7%, respectively, and these figures did not change during the five years of the study. Factors associated with late presentations were male sex, older age, not having a permanent house, and, in women, lower education and being a widow or separated. With the implementation of 2010 WHO guidelines, the number of newly diagnosed patients who will require HIV treatment will increase 13.8%. If the CD4 count threshold for initiating HIV treatment is increased from 350 to 500 cells/mm3, the number of patients in need of treatment would increase 15.7%. Therefore, new strategies for avoiding HIV late presentation are urgently needed in developing countries.

CD4 lymphocyte count in HIV positive persons exposed to cryptococcus neo formans

1995 ◽  
Vol 283 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Arasteh ◽  
M. L’age ◽  
U. Futh ◽  
G. Grosse ◽  
F. Staib
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte

Cytomegalovirus Disease in AIDS: The Edinburgh Experience

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 324-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Cheong ◽  
P J Flegg ◽  
R P Brettle ◽  
P D Welsby ◽  
S M Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Viral Culture ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Cmv Disease

Retrospective analysis of medical records of 557 HIV positive patients (including 113 with AIDS) revealed 17 patients with an antemortem clinical diagnosis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. This group comprised 7 injection drug users (2 male and 5 female) and 10 homosexual men. Males were significantly older than females, and homosexual men were significantly older than drug users at the time of diagnosis of CMV. All 17 patients had evidence of retinitis, and 6 also had evidence of extraocular disease. CMV retinitis was the AIDS defining diagnosis in two patients, and the attack rate of CMV in all AIDS patients progressively increased with time, with a 3-year CMV-free survival of 57%. Fifteen patients with CMV disease had evidence of previous CMV infection (CMV IgG positive), with 7 also having a positive CMV IgM and 10 a positive viral culture. The mean CD4+ lymphocyte count at diagnosis of CMV was 17 cells/mm3, compared with 68 cells/mm3 at diagnosis of AIDS. Therapy was unsatisfactory, often being complicated by marrow suppression. Relapse occurred in 11 patients after initial improvement but despite this only 3 patients died with severe visual impairment. The mean survival after a diagnosis of CMV was 10.5 months. This study confirms that disease caused by CMV is usually a late manifestation of AIDS, and the increasing prevalence among patients with AIDS implies that, the longer the survival, the greater the risk of disease. Frequent fundoscopy in HIV positive patients is of paramount importance particularly in patients who have a CD4+ lymphocyte count of less than 100 cells/mm3.

Factors associated with the CD4+ lymphocyte count at diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1253-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Phillips ◽  
Adriano Lazzarin ◽  
Juan Gonzales-Lahoz ◽  
Nathan Clumeck ◽  
M.P. Glauser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

scholarly journals Natural History and Factors Associated with Early and Delayed Mortality in HIV-Infected Patients Treated of Tuberculosis under Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course Strategy: A Prospective Cohort Study in India

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Alvarez-Uria ◽  
Praveen Kumar Naik ◽  
Raghavakalyan Pakam ◽  
Lakshminaryana Bachu ◽  
Manoranjan Midde
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Disadvantaged Community ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Delayed Mortality ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte

Despite the impressive global results of DOTS in India, the effectiveness of DOTS for the treatment of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients is not well known. This is an observational prospective cohort study performed in Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh, India. The study included 1000 DOTS antituberculosis treatment (ATT) episodes and 840 person-years. CD4 lymphocyte count was below 200 cells/mm3in 77% of the cases, and 21% were retreatments. Two thirds were presented with extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis was tuberculous meningitis followed by pleuritis, abdominal tuberculosis, and lymphadenitis. Cumulative incidence of mortality was 16%, 26%, 39%, and 46% at 1, 3, 12, and 24 months, respectively. Factors associated with three-month (early) mortality were being homeless, having low CD4+ lymphocyte count, having tuberculous meningitis, belonging to a socially disadvantaged community, having more than 35 years, and being on an antiretroviral therapy at the moment of initiating the ATT. Factors associated with delayed mortality were having low CD4+ lymphocyte count, belonging to a socially disadvantaged community, receiving a category II ATT because of a previous episode of ATT and having acid fast bacilli in sputum before the ATT initiation. These findings indicate that there is an urgent need to improve the treatment of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients in India.

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