scholarly journals Avian influenza, newcastle disease antibodies and antigens in apparently healthy wild birds in Kaduna State, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Assam ◽  
P.A. Abdu ◽  
A. Owoade ◽  
A. Ezealor ◽  
L. Sa’idu
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Apparently Healthy

scholarly journals Clinico-pathological and Immunohistochemistry of Newcastle Disease in Indigenous Chickens and Some Wild Birds in Plateau State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Kumbish, Peterside Rinle ◽  
Oladele, Sunday Blessing ◽  
Esievo, King Akpofure Nelson ◽  
Ibrahim, Najume Doguwa Giginya ◽  
Ahmed, James Saidu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Watery Diarrhoea ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Pulmonary Congestion ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Indigenous Chickens ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important avian diseases. Virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) have the potential of rapid spread, and may cause serious economic impact and international trade restrictions for the poultry industry. The objective was to study the clinical, gross and histo-pathological and immunohistopathological changes of Newcastle disease infection in apparently healthy and sick indigenous chickens, ducks, pigeons and some wild birds in Plateau State. Methodology: The indigenous chickens used in this study were randomly selected from apparently healthy and from those with suggestive clinical signs of ND. A total of 638 birds were used for the study. Out of the total number of birds sampled, 349 were indigenous chickens, 98 pigeons, 96 ducks and 95 from different species of wild birds. Out of the number sampled from indigenous chickens, 169 (44.01%) were live birds, while 180 (46.90%) were carcasses. Tissues were collected from indigenous chickens, pigeons, ducks and some wild birds from both sick, and apparently healthy unvaccinated flocks to screen for the presence of NDV by immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques.  The histopathology and immunohistochemistry were done using standard laboratory procedures. Results: Clinical signs observed in live birds generally varied from weakness, greenish watery diarrhoea, respiratory difficulty, anorexia and coughing, torticollis, droopy wings, paralysis, partial leg paralysis, and opisthotonos. Generally, the gross lesions in euthanized and dead birds were mostly hyperaemia, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, moderate enlargement of the heart, petechial haemorrhages on the mucosa surface of the proventriculus and haemorrhagic tracheitis, congestion and moderate enlargement of the pancreas, pulmonary congestion and congested kidneys. Histopathological changes include lymphoid depletion and connective tissue proliferation, enteritis, pulmonary congestion and splenitis. A total of six samples (1.56%) out of 349 from indigenous chickens had positive staining for NDV antigen using IHC technique. While there were only two samples out of the 95  wild birds samples positive by IHC, both of the positive samples were from Red-eyed Dove (Streptopelia semitorquata), resulting in a 25% (2/8) positive rate from this species; had positive staining for NDV by immunohistochemistry. All IHC positive cases in this study, in both wild birds and indigenous chickens shared similar staining patterns. Conclusion: The study also shows that NDV antigens in wild birds and indigenous chickens concentrate more in the spleen, pancreas, trachea and proventriculus. This study, presents for the first time to the best of our knowledge that viral antigens (NDV) in wild birds and indigenous chickens were demonstrated by immunohistochemical technique in Plateau State, Nigeria.

scholarly journals Risk assessment of Avian Influenza and Newcastle disease viruses exposure from peridomestic wild birds in a conservation breeding site in the United Arab Emirates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Hirschinger ◽  
Timothée Vergne ◽  
Tifenn Corre ◽  
Yves Hingrat ◽  
Jean-Luc Guerin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Conservation Breeding

Worldwide, wild birds are frequently suspected to be involved in the occurrence of outbreaks in captive-bred birds although proofs are lacking and most of the dedicated studies are insufficiently conclusive to confirm or characterize the roles of wild birds in such outbreaks. The aim of this study was to assess and compare, for the most prevalent peridomestic wild birds, the different exposure routes for Avian Influenza and Newcastle disease viruses in conservation breeding sites of Houbara bustards in the United Arab Emirates. To do so, we considered all of the potential pathways by which captive bustards could be exposed to Avian Influenza and Newcastle disease viruses by wild birds, and ran a comparative study of the likelihood of exposure via each of the pathways considered. We merged data from an ecological study dedicated to local wild bird communities with an analysis of the contacts between wild birds and captive bustards and with a prevalence survey of AIV and NDV in wild bird populations. We also extracted data from an extensive review of the scientific literature and by the elicitation of expert opinion. Overall, this analysis highlighted that captive bustards had a high risk of being exposed to pathogens by wild birds. This risk was higher for Newcastle disease virus than Avian influenza virus, and House sparrows represented the riskiest species for the transmission of both viruses through indirect exposure from consumption of water contaminated from the faeces of an infectious bird that got inside the aviary. Thus, this analysis reveals that wild peridomestic birds may play a role in the transmission of avian pathogens to captive bred birds. These results also reaffirm the need to implement sanitary measures to limit contacts between wild and captive birds and highlight priority targets for a thoughtful and efficient sanitary management strategy.

scholarly journals Prevalence of infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease virus among domestic and wild birds in H5N1 outbreaks areas

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (08) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zekiba Tarnagda ◽  
Issaka Yougbare ◽  
Adele Kam ◽  
Marc Christian Tahita ◽  
Jean Bosco Ouedraogo
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis

Introduction: The first H5N1 outbreak in Burkina Faso was reported to the World Organization for Animal Health on 3 April 2006. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of avian influenza virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and Newcastle disease virus among domestic and wild birds in highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks areas. Methodology: We collected paired tracheal and cloacal swabs from 283 birds including 278 domestic and five wild birds (three vultures, one sparrowhawk and one Western Grey Plantain-eater) in the Central Region (Ouagadougou) and the Western Region (Bobo-Dioulasso and Sokoroni) of Burkina Faso. Total RNA extracted from samples were subjected to reverse transcription  and resulting cDNA amplified by PCR using specific primers for detection of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV mainly highly pathogenic H5N1), Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), and Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) for the first time in Burkina Faso. Results and conclusions: Our results show that 13.8% (39/283) samples were reactive for NDV, and the prevalence of IBV was 3.9% (11/283). None of the 283 birds were co-infected by AIV, IBV and/or NDV in our study areas. The prevalence of influenza A virus was 3.2% (95% CI: 0-6.6) with a 1.7% (95% CI: 0-3.2) prevalence of H5N1 being detected. Positive cases of H5N1 virus were found in two out of three vultures in Ouagadougou, and in three out of 203 local chickens in the Western Region. These results confirm the presence of influenza A H5N1 virus, IBV and NDV in domestic and wild birds in Burkina Faso.

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