scholarly journals Risk assessment of Avian Influenza and Newcastle disease viruses exposure from peridomestic wild birds in a conservation breeding site in the United Arab Emirates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Hirschinger ◽  
Timothée Vergne ◽  
Tifenn Corre ◽  
Yves Hingrat ◽  
Jean-Luc Guerin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Conservation Breeding

Worldwide, wild birds are frequently suspected to be involved in the occurrence of outbreaks in captive-bred birds although proofs are lacking and most of the dedicated studies are insufficiently conclusive to confirm or characterize the roles of wild birds in such outbreaks. The aim of this study was to assess and compare, for the most prevalent peridomestic wild birds, the different exposure routes for Avian Influenza and Newcastle disease viruses in conservation breeding sites of Houbara bustards in the United Arab Emirates. To do so, we considered all of the potential pathways by which captive bustards could be exposed to Avian Influenza and Newcastle disease viruses by wild birds, and ran a comparative study of the likelihood of exposure via each of the pathways considered. We merged data from an ecological study dedicated to local wild bird communities with an analysis of the contacts between wild birds and captive bustards and with a prevalence survey of AIV and NDV in wild bird populations. We also extracted data from an extensive review of the scientific literature and by the elicitation of expert opinion. Overall, this analysis highlighted that captive bustards had a high risk of being exposed to pathogens by wild birds. This risk was higher for Newcastle disease virus than Avian influenza virus, and House sparrows represented the riskiest species for the transmission of both viruses through indirect exposure from consumption of water contaminated from the faeces of an infectious bird that got inside the aviary. Thus, this analysis reveals that wild peridomestic birds may play a role in the transmission of avian pathogens to captive bred birds. These results also reaffirm the need to implement sanitary measures to limit contacts between wild and captive birds and highlight priority targets for a thoughtful and efficient sanitary management strategy.

scholarly journals Avian influenza surveillance in wild birds using sentinel ducks

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Bayarmagnai Davganyam ◽  
Nyamsuren Otgontogtokh ◽  
Baljidmaa Batmunkh ◽  
Davaasuren Nergui ◽  
Ariunaa Tserendorj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Bird Habitat ◽  
Insulated Isothermal Pcr ◽  
H5n1 Hpai

We conducted active surveillance for avian influenza virus using sentinel ducks in central region of Mongolia (Khunt lake Saikhan soum, Bulgan province) that major wild bird habitat and outbreak site of H5N1 HPAI in wild birds in Mongolia from 2005 to 2011. Total of 39/104 (37,5%) samples were positive by insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR) and 42/104 (40,38%) swab samples were positive by real time PCR (qPCR). In addition, AIV antibody detected in 35/104 (33,65%) serum samples tested by AIV NP ELISA kit. These results indicated that sentinel surveillance using domestic birds could be an effective method for avian pathogens including influenza in Mongolia. Enhanced sentinel surveillance in wild bird populations in Mongolia is therefore crucial for the understanding of global AIV transmission and epidemiology. Шувууны томуугийн тандах судалгаанд туршуул шувуу (Sentinel bird) байршуулах арга ашигласан дүнгээс Бид шувууны томуугийн тандах судалгаанд туршуул шувуу байршуулах арга зүйг ашиглах боломжийг судлах зорилгоор урьдчилсан туршилтыг 2019 оны 7-10 сард Булган аймгийн Сайхан сумын Хунт нууранд хийж гүйцэтгэв. Хунт нуур нь олон тооны нүүдлийн усны шувууд зусах болон дайрч өнгөрдөг ач холбогдолтой цэг бөгөөд 2005-2011 онд өндөр хоруу чанартай шувууны томуугийн (HPAI) A/H5N1 дэд хэвшлийн вирус илэрч байсан. Шувуунаас авсан арчдасны зарим дээжийг insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR)-р шинжлэхэд 39/104 (37,5%), дээж эерэг, бүх дээжийг PCR (qPCR)-р шинжлэхэд 42/104 (40,38%) нь дээж эерэг дүн үзүүлсэн. Харин ийлдсэнд шувууны томуугийн эсрэг бием илрүүлэх ELISA-ийн шинжилгээгээр  35/104 (33,65%) дээжинд  эсрэг бием илэрсэн. Иймд энэ арга зүйг Монгол орны нөхцөлд тохируулан сайжруулж шувууны томуугийн үүсгэгчийг илрүүлэхэд ашиглах нь уг өвчний эпидемиологийн байдлыг танин мэдэхэд чухал ач холбогдолтой  юм. Түлхүүр үг: нугас, вирус, дархлаа, эпидемиологи, тархалт, ПГУ (Полимеразан  гинжин урвал)

Exposure to and Circulation of Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease Viruses in Peridomestic Wild Birds in the United Arab Emirates

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Hirschinger ◽  
Mar Carrasco Munoz ◽  
Yves Hingrat ◽  
Timothee Vergne ◽  
Jean-Luc Guerin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Wild Birds

scholarly journals Results of scientific expedition to natural biotopes of the Republic of Tyva in 2019 with the purpose of infectious disease monitoring in wild bird populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
M. S. Volkov ◽  
V. N. Irza ◽  
A. V. Varkentin ◽  
S. V. Rogolyov ◽  
A. V. Andriyasov
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Active Monitoring ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Republic

The results of the scientific expedition to Tere Khol and Uvs Nuur Lakes in the Republic of Tyva with the purpose of active monitoring of highly dangerous diseases in wild migratory waterfowl and epidemic analysis of these biotope water areas are presented in the paper. The Uvs Nuur Lake is a kind of an indicator for avian influenza introduction to the Russian Federation, because this is the resting and nesting area for many migratory wild birds during the period of mass migrations from Central and South-East Asian countries. In the process of active monitoring the complete autopsy of bird carcasses with description of organs and systems and sampling for laboratory diagnostics were performed. Droppings (pooled samples), parts of internal organs from dead and shot birds, blood (if possible) served as biological and pathological material for testing. While sampling, species were identified using an ornithological guide. The autopsy of dead waterfowl and birds shot for diagnostic purposes demonstrated a high worm burden of nematodes and cestodes. Two samples from European herring gulls were positive for avian influenza type A virus genome and subtype H13N6 was identified in one of them. Avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1), the agent of Newcastle disease, was found in one sample from gulls. The lakes of the Republic of Tyva are the most significant sites for sampling of biological material from wild birds, as the primary detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in this territory is a serious signal of potential further virus spread and a precursor to a probable epizooty. Notwithstanding the absence of AIV very virulent isolate detections in wild bird populations the middle term prognosis for 2020 can be designated as cautious, as the avian influenza epidemic situation is deteriorating globally, especially in the European countries, and the threat of the virus introduction to the Russian territory with migratory birds still exists.

scholarly journals Newcastle disease virus transmission dynamics in wild peridomestic birds in the United Arab Emirates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Hirschinger ◽  
Lucile Marescot ◽  
Yves Hingrat ◽  
Jean Luc Guerin ◽  
Guillaume Le Loc’h ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Event Capture ◽  
Epidemiological Parameters

AbstractTo understand the dynamics of a pathogen in an animal population, one must assess how the infection status of individuals changes over time. With wild animals, this can be very challenging because individuals can be difficult to trap and sample, even more so since they are tested with imperfect diagnostic techniques. Multi-event capture-recapture models allow analysing longitudinal capture data of individuals whose infection status is assessed using imperfect tests. In this study, we used a two-year dataset from a longitudinal field study of peridomestic wild bird populations in the United Arab Emirates during which thousands of birds from various species were captured, sampled and tested for Newcastle disease virus exposure using a serological test. We developed a multi-event capture-recapture model to estimate important demographic and epidemiological parameters of the disease. The modelling outputs provided important insights into the understanding of Newcastle disease dynamics in peridomestics birds, which varies according to ecological and epidemiological parameters, and useful information in terms of surveillance strategies. To our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to model the dynamics of Newcastle disease in wild bird populations by combining longitudinal capture data and serological test results. Overall, it showcased that multi-event capture-recapture models represent a suitable method to analyse imperfect capture data and make reliable inferences on infectious disease dynamics in wild populations.

scholarly journals Genesis and spread of multiple reassortants during the 2016/2017 H5 avian influenza epidemic in Eurasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (34) ◽  
pp. 20814-20825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Lycett ◽  
Anne Pohlmann ◽  
Christoph Staubach ◽  
Valentina Caliendo ◽  
Mark Woolhouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Reassortant Viruses

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5 A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 lineage can cause severe disease in poultry and wild birds, and occasionally in humans. In recent years, H5 HPAI viruses of this lineage infecting poultry in Asia have spilled over into wild birds and spread via bird migration to countries in Europe, Africa, and North America. In 2016/2017, this spillover resulted in the largest HPAI epidemic on record in Europe and was associated with an unusually high frequency of reassortments between H5 HPAI viruses and cocirculating low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Here, we show that the seven main H5 reassortant viruses had various combinations of gene segments 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6. Using detailed time-resolved phylogenetic analysis, most of these gene segments likely originated from wild birds and at dates and locations that corresponded to their hosts’ migratory cycles. However, some gene segments in two reassortant viruses likely originated from domestic anseriforms, either in spring 2016 in east China or in autumn 2016 in central Europe. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to domestic anseriforms in Asia, both migratory wild birds and domestic anseriforms in Europe are relevant sources of gene segments for recent reassortant H5 HPAI viruses. The ease with which these H5 HPAI viruses reassort, in combination with repeated spillovers of H5 HPAI viruses into wild birds, increases the risk of emergence of a reassortant virus that persists in wild bird populations yet remains highly pathogenic for poultry.

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