Epidemiological surveillance and comparative analysis of patients with influenza like illness and other respiratory viruses

Horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus) might help maintain coronaviruses severely affecting human health, such as SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. It has long been suggested that bats may be more tolerant of viral infection than other mammals due to their unique immune system, but the exact mechanism remains to be fully explored. During the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple animal species were diseased by SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in the respiratory system. Herein, single-cell transcriptomic data of the lungs of a horseshoe bat, a cat, a tiger, and a pangolin were generated. The receptor distribution of twenty-eight respiratory viruses belonging to fourteen viral families were characterized for the four species. Comparison on the immune-related transcripts further revealed limited cytokine activations in bats, which might explain the reason why bats experienced only mild diseases or even no symptoms upon virus infection. Our findings might increase our understanding of the immune background of horseshoe bats and their insensitivity to virus infections.

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Contribution of non- influenza respiratory viruses in causation of Influenza like Illness (ILI) during influenza epidemic: A laboratory based study

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health ◽

10.1016/j.cegh.2017.06.001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 173-175

Author(s):

Amita Jain ◽

Shantanu Prakash ◽

Bhawana Jain

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Viruses ◽

Influenza Epidemic ◽

Influenza Like Illness

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Respiratory viruses in patients with influenza-like illness in Senegal: Focus on human respiratory adenoviruses

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0174287 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. e0174287 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mbayame Ndiaye Niang ◽

Ndeye Sokhna Diop ◽

Amary Fall ◽

Davy E. Kiori ◽

Fatoumata Diene Sarr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Viruses ◽

Influenza Like Illness

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Surveillance of 16 respiratory viruses in patients with influenza-like illness in Nanjing, China

Journal of Medical Virology ◽

10.1002/jmv.23401 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 84 (12) ◽

pp. 1980-1984 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Xiang Huo ◽

Yuanfang Qin ◽

Xian Qi ◽

Rongqiang Zu ◽

Fenyang Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Viruses ◽

Influenza Like Illness

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Active Surveillance of Influenza A and Other Respiratory Viruses in Children with Influenza-like-illness in Two Seasons

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.8867 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 944-949

Author(s):

Saniye Girit ◽

Ayşe Karaaslan ◽

Serap Gençer ◽

Emel Yılmaz ◽

Yetkin Ayhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Influenza A Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

Respiratory Viruses ◽

Influenza B ◽

Human Bocavirus ◽

Hospitalized Children ◽

Viral Pathogen ◽

Influenza Like Illness ◽

Chronic Lung Diseases

Introduction: The aim of this study was to asses the surveillance of influenza A/other respiratory viruses and risk factors in hospitalized children with the symptoms of influenza-like illness during two consecutive influenza seasons. Methodology: All children hospitalized with adiagnosis of influenza-like illness had been investigated for Influenza A and other respiratory antigens in pharengeal/nasopharyngeal secretions. Results: A total of 132 hospitalized children between December 2013-May 2014 and December 2014-May 2015 were enrolled in this study. At least one respiratory virus was found to be positive by RT-PCR in 78 (59%) patients, influenza A (H3N2) was detected in only 8 (6%) patients. In 54 (41%) patients samples no respiratory viral pathogen was detected and in 70 (53%) patients, one non- influenza A virus was detected. The respiratory viral pathogens detected in decreasing rates were:RSV (n = 46, 35%), HCoV (n = 10, 7.5%), adenovirüs (n = 7, 5%), rhinovirüs (n = 6, 4.5%), HMPV (n = 5, 4%), Influenza B (n = 4, 3%) ve human Bocavirus (n = 2, 1.5%). In 10 patients, coinfection was detected, however none was with H3N2. In the H3N2 (+) group, the following risk factors were identified: age older than three years (p < 0.05), asthma history (p < 0.05) and chronic lung diseases (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Influenza A virus was detected in 6% of hospitalized patients with influenza-like illness. Viruses other then Influenza, especially RSV, can cause similar symptoms compatible with Influenza-like-illness.

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Respiratory viruses and influenza-like illness: a survey in the area of Rome, winter 2004-2005

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/esm.11.10.00652-en ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 9-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

G Rezza ◽

C Valdarchi ◽

S Puzelli ◽

M Ciotti ◽

F Farchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Standard Form ◽

Age Groups ◽

Winter Season ◽

Respiratory Viruses ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Activity Period ◽

Constitutional Symptom ◽

Limited Information ◽

Survey Period ◽

Influenza Like Illness

Limited information is available on the viral aetiology of influenza-like illness (ILI) in Southern European countries. Hereby we report the main findings of a survey conducted in the area of Rome during the 2004-2005 winter season. ILI cases were defined as individuals with fever >37.5°C and at least one constitutional symptom and one respiratory symptom, recruited during the survey period. Influenza and other respiratory viruses were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on throat swabs. Basic individual information was collected through a standard form. Of 173 ILI cases enrolled, 74 tested positive for one virus, and two tested positive for two viruses. Overall, 33.5% of the cases were positive for influenza viruses, 5.2% for adenoviruses, 3.5% for parainfluenza viruses, 1.7% for coronaviruses, and 1.2% for the respiratory syncitial virus. The proportion of influenza virus detection was higher in the ‘high influenza activity’ period. The distribution of viral agents varied across age groups, influenza viruses being more likely to be detected in younger patients. Viral pathogens were identified in less than 50% of ILI cases occurred during a high activity influenza season. The detection of other than influenza viruses was sporadic, without evidence of large outbreaks due to specific agents.

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Investigation of influenza and respiratory viruses in hospitalised patients with influenza-like illness in an emergency room

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.10893 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1021-1028

Author(s):

Pinar Aysert-Yildiz ◽

Firdevs Aktas

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Hospital Admission ◽

Emergency Room ◽

Active Surveillance ◽

Influenza Virus Infection ◽

Respiratory Viruses ◽

University Hospital ◽

Influenza Like Illness ◽

Hospitalised Patients ◽

Icd 10

Introduction: Influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance is usually performed using outpatient data, and information on the surveillance of patients hospitalised for ILI, which is critical for the complete assessment of the influenza burden, is lacking. Methodology: In this prospective active surveillance study, patients with community-acquired ILI hospitalised for at least 24 hours in the Emergency Room (ER) of Gazi University Hospital were identified according to the ICD-10 codes at hospital admission through active surveillance of the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 influenza seasons. The presence of influenza and other respiratory viruses was analysed in the nasopharyngeal or pharyngeal specimens by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: 351 patients admitted to emergency room with certain ICD-10 codes were assessed, and 111 patients with ILI were included in the study. We detected 15 influenza and 23 other respiratory viruses in 33 of the 111 patients. More than one virus was detected in 5 patients. No virus was detected in a majority of the patients with ILI. The sensitivity of hospital admission/discharge ICD-10 codes used in the study to detect real influenza cases was low. Patients with influenza were admitted to the hospital more frequently with high fever symptoms compared with patients with influenza virus-negative and other respiratory virus-positive (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study revealed that non-influenza respiratory viruses were a major contributor to ILI. Patients admitted with fever during the influenza seasons should be evaluated for influenza virus infection, and the use of diagnostic codes in surveillance studies can lead to incorrect results.

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