A probable prehistoric case of meningococcal disease from San Francisco Bay: Next generation sequencing of Neisseria meningitidis from dental calculus and osteological evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelmer W. Eerkens ◽  
Ruth V. Nichols ◽  
Gemma G.R. Murray ◽  
Katherine Perez ◽  
Engel Murga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
Dental Calculus ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Generation Sequencing

scholarly journals Metagenomic next-generation sequencing reveals Miamiensis avidus (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatida) in the 2017 epizootic of leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) in San Francisco Bay, California

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Retallack ◽  
Mark S. Okihiro ◽  
Elliot Britton ◽  
Sean Van Sommeran ◽  
Joseph L. DeRisi
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Ciliated Protozoan ◽  
Miamiensis Avidus ◽  
Triakis Semifasciata ◽  
Leopard Sharks ◽  
Generation Sequencing

ABSTRACTDuring March to August of 2017, hundreds of leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) stranded and died on the shores of San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Similar mass stranding events occurred in 1967 and 2011, yet analysis of these epizootics was incomplete and no etiology was confirmed. Our investigation of the most recent epizootic revealed severe meningoencephalitis in stranded sharks, raising suspicion for infection. On this basis, we pursued a strategy for unbiased pathogen detection using metagenomic next-generation sequencing followed by orthogonal validation and further screening. We show that the ciliated protozoan pathogen, Miamiensis avidus, was present in the central nervous system of leopard (n=12) and other shark species (n=2) that stranded in San Francisco Bay, but absent in leopard sharks caught elsewhere. Whereas this protozoan has previously been implicated in devastating outbreaks in teleost marine fish, our findings represent the first report of a ciliated protozoan infection in wild elasmobranchs. This discovery highlights the benefits of adopting unbiased metagenomic sequencing in the study of wildlife health and disease.

scholarly journals Whole genome characterization of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W isolates, circulating in Moscow

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Mironov ◽  
V. A. Zhivotova ◽  
S. V. Matosova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Core Genome ◽  
Ribosomal Protein Genes ◽  
The Core ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Discriminating Ability

Introduction. The invasive meningococcal disease (meningitis and/or septicemia) is actual problem of public health in Russia. Neisseria meningitidis isolates are classified into serogroups, PorA/FetA VRs, sequence types and clonal complexes. The growth of the invasive forms of meningococcal infection caused by isolates with «W: P1.5,2: F1-1: ST-11 (cc11)» profile requires attention for extended genotyping because the discriminating ability of classical MLST and antigens typing does not allow to answer the question about genetic and antigenic features of the pathogens and their epidemic potential. Materials and Methods. Four N. meningitidis serogroup W isolates associated with invasive meningococcal disease in Moscow (Russia) were characterized by next-generation sequencing. Three isolates were sequenced directly from cerebrospinal fluid samples and one -as a bacterial culture. All isolates were characterized earlier and the data were published in the PubMLST data base (id38565, id38573, id50225 and id50241). Genomic DNA was sequenced on Illumina MiSeq instrument. Results and Discussion. Obtained sequences allowed us to characterize four meningococci isolates for more than 1400 loci from the core genome MLST scheme. We have analyzed the core genome MLST scheme information about surface-antigen coding sequences. Housekeeping genes sequences were used to determine eMLST profile, ribosomal protein genes and some antibiotic resistance associated genes. We have characterized some ribosomal protein genes and antibiotic resistance associated genes. Based on eMLST profiles we noticed that there are at list two clones of N. meningitidis serogroup W inside complex ST-11/ET-37 clonal complex circulating in Moscow during 2016. An eMLST profile of isolates id50225 and id50241 differs in 3 loci out of 20. Application of the approach based on next-generation sequencing in routine epidemiological surveillance dramatically increases the amount of data and genotyping discriminating ability.

scholarly journals Analysis of Pilin Antigenic Variation inNeisseria meningitidisby Next-Generation Sequencing

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Xu ◽  
H Steven Seifert
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Antigenic Variation ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Host Immune Surveillance

ABSTRACTMany pathogenic microbes evade host immune surveillance by varying the surface antigens, a process termed antigenic variation. While the process of pilin antigenic variation has been extensively studied in the human pathogenNeisseria gonorrhoeae(gonococcus [Gc]), relatively few studies of pilin antigenic variation have been conducted withNeisseria meningitidis(meningococcus [Mc]). Mc is usually a commensal organism that colonizes the human nasopharynx, but when it translocates to the bloodstream or meninges, it results in the severe and often deadly meningococcal disease. The type IV pili of Mc isolates play a critical role in host surface adherence, and its major pilin component (PilE) can undergo antigenic variation. In this study, Roche 454 pyrosequencing was used to examine the pilin antigenic variation of Mc strain 8013, as well as 8013recA,recX,recQ,rep, andrecJmutants, Gc orthologues which have been shown to play a role in pilin antigenic variation. This study confirms that the McrecA,rep, andrecJgenes are essential for pilin antigenic variation. While the McrecQandrecXgene products contribute to normal frequencies of antigenic variation, the loss of these factors does not alter the types of pilin variants produced. Overall, this study shows that the mechanisms of pilin antigenic variation are conserved between Gc and Mc.IMPORTANCEAntigenic variation is a strategy used by many pathogens to escape host immune surveillance and establish persistent infections. This study successfully applies next-generation sequencing to study pilin antigenic variation in the human pathogenNeisseria meningitidis. This assay provides an affordable and efficient solution for quantifying antigenic variation frequency in mutant strains and for defining the recombination products of the process. We determined that there is a nonuniformity of silent donor copies used during meningococcus antigenic variation, and by the analysis of selected mutants deficient for specific recombination pathways, we show for the first time that the processes are conserved betweenN. meningitidisandNeisseria gonorrhoeae.

Labordiagnostik bei gastrointestinalen Tumoren

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (05) ◽  
pp. 232-238
Author(s):  
Marcus Kleber
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Kolorektales Karzinom ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Generation Sequencing

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas kolorektale Karzinom (KRK) ist einer der häufigsten malignen Tumoren in Deutschland. Einer frühzeitigen Diagnostik kommt große Bedeutung zu. Goldstandard ist hier die Koloskopie. Die aktuelle S3-Leitlinie Kolorektales Karzinom empfiehlt zum KRK-Screening den fäkalen okkulten Bluttest. Für das Monitoring von Patienten vor und nach Tumorresektion werden die Messung des Carcinoembryonalen Antigens (CEA) und der Mikrosatellitenstabilität empfohlen. Für die Auswahl der korrekten Chemotherapie scheint derzeit eine Überprüfung des Mutationsstatus, mindestens des KRAS-Gens und des BRAF-Gens, sinnvoll zu sein. Eine Reihe an neuartigen Tumormarkern befindet sich momentan in der Entwicklung, hat jedoch noch nicht die Reife für eine mögliche Anwendung in der Routinediagnostik erreicht. Den schnellsten Weg in die breite Anwendung können Next-Generation-Sequencing-basierte genetische Tests finden.

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