scholarly journals Theta Oscillation Predicts Neural Entrainment to Musical Rhythm

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. S58
Author(s):  
Yun Nan
Keyword(s):  
Theta Oscillation ◽  
Musical Rhythm ◽  
Neural Entrainment

scholarly journals Individual differences in neural entrainment to rhythm predict spoken grammar skills in six-year-old children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Persici ◽  
Scott D. Blain ◽  
John Rehner Iversen ◽  
Alexandra P. Key ◽  
Sonja A. Kotz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Rhythm Perception ◽  
Musical Rhythm ◽  
Hierarchical Processing ◽  
Behavioral Rhythm ◽  
Grammatical Skills ◽  
Neural Entrainment ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
Evoked Activity

Individual differences in rhythm perception skills play an important role in predicting individual differences in spoken grammar abilities, arguably because both meter and language are hierarchically-organized structures. Based on the idea that neural entrainment sustains attentional fluctuations that facilitate hierarchical processing in both domains, we hypothesized that individual differences in syntactic (grammatical) skills may be predicted by patterns of neural entrainment to musical rhythm. To test this hypothesis, we recorded neural activity using electroencephalography (EEG) while children (N = 25) listened passively to rhythmic patterns that differed in placement of the beat, using a paradigm that had previously shown to modulate beta and gamma band responses in adults. Analysis of evoked activity in these frequency bands showed that individual differences in the magnitude of neural responses to rhythm predicted variance in six-year-olds’ spoken expressive grammar abilities, over and above the contribution of their behavioral rhythm perception task performance. Variance in the EEG beta and gamma during rhythmic listening was predictive of children’s performance on items with complex structural dependencies, i.e., for which more refined grammatical abilities are required. These results reinforce the idea that mechanisms of neural entrainment to the beat may be a shared neural resource supporting hierarchical processing across music and language, and suggest a relevant brain marker of the relationship between rhythm processing and grammar abilities in elementary-school-age children, previously observed only behaviorally. These findings add to the literature on individual differences in music ability as predictors of child language and academic development.

scholarly journals Aging effects on neural entrainment to a musical beat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Anne Sauvé ◽  
Emily Bolt ◽  
Sylvie Nozaradan ◽  
Benjamin Zendel
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Musical Rhythm ◽  
Theories Of Aging ◽  
Fast Tempo ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Neural Entrainment ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain

When listening to music, the brain entrains to the musical rhythm and produces neural activity at the beat frequency. Younger (<35) and older (>60) adults listened to slow (1.25 Hz) and fast (2.5 Hz) syncopated and non-syncopated rhythms while intermittently performing a tapping task. EEG was recorded and frequency tagging was employed to analyze meter-related and meter-unrelated frequencies elicited by the rhythms. The meter-related frequencies included the beat frequency (BF), its first three harmonics (H1-H3) and the frequency of the whole pattern, or cycle rate (CR) while the meter-unrelated frequencies included the remaining harmonics of the CR up to the eleventh harmonic. Age effects were observed at the BF, where younger adults had larger amplitudes than older adults and at the CR. At the fast tempo, older adults did not differentiate between the CR, the BF and H3. Together, these results suggest older adults experience a breakdown of selective encoding at the fast tempo and reliance on high-level information, exhibiting aspects of both the inhibition and compensation theories of aging.

scholarly journals Hippocampus-retrosplenial cortex interaction is increased during phasic REM and contributes to memory consolidation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gomes de Almeida-Filho ◽  
Bruna Del Vechio Koike ◽  
Francesca Billwiller ◽  
Kelly Soares Farias ◽  
Igor Rafael Praxedes de Sales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Contextual Fear Conditioning ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Theta Oscillation ◽  
Contextual Fear ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Freely Behaving ◽  
Phasic Rem Sleep

AbstractHippocampal (HPC) theta oscillation during post-training rapid eye movement (REM) sleep supports spatial learning. Theta also modulates neuronal and oscillatory activity in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) during REM sleep. To investigate the relevance of theta-driven interaction between these two regions to memory consolidation, we computed the Granger causality within theta range on electrophysiological data recorded in freely behaving rats during REM sleep, both before and after contextual fear conditioning. We found a training-induced modulation of causality between HPC and RSC that was correlated with memory retrieval 24 h later. Retrieval was proportional to the change in the relative influence RSC exerted upon HPC theta oscillation. Importantly, causality peaked during theta acceleration, in synchrony with phasic REM sleep. Altogether, these results support a role for phasic REM sleep in hippocampo-cortical memory consolidation and suggest that causality modulation between RSC and HPC during REM sleep plays a functional role in that phenomenon.

scholarly journals On Music, Order, and Memory: Investigating Augustine’s Descriptive Method in the Confessions

Open Theology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 274-287
Author(s):  
Jessica Wiskus
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Musical Rhythm ◽  
Time Consciousness ◽  
Vision Of God ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Perfect Memory

AbstractAugustine’s account in the Confessions Book IX of his ecstasy at Ostia remains unsurpassed in its poetic force, yet unusual, as a description of religious experience, in two particular respects. First of all, what he describes is not a “vision” of God, but an experience of listening. Second, it is not a solitary but a shared experience (e.g., with his mother, Monica). This essay considers the significance of these two elements by analyzing the relation between his description in Book IX and the understanding of rhythm that he develops in De musica. Drawing also on Book X (on memory) and Book XI (on time-consciousness) in the Confessions, I investigate a particular type of flowing memory – what I call, “perfect” memory – that characterizes the temporally ordered movements of musical rhythm, showing that it is in this type of memory that Augustine finds God.

Deficits in musical rhythm perception in children with specific learning disabilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Vasudha Hande ◽  
Shantala Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Specific Learning Disability ◽  
Specific Learning Disabilities ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Rhythm Perception ◽  
Musical Rhythm ◽  
Specific Learning

BACKGROUND: A specific learning disability comes with a cluster of deficits in the neurocognitive domain. Phonological processing deficits have been the core of different types of specific learning disabilities. In addition to difficulties in phonological processing and cognitive deficits, children with specific learning disability (SLD) are known to also found have deficits in more innate non-language-based skills like musical rhythm processing. OBJECTIVES: This paper reviews studies in the area of musical rhythm perception in children with SLD. An attempt was made to throw light on beneficial effects of music and rhythm-based intervention and their underlying mechanism. METHODS: A hypothesis-driven review of research in the domain of rhythm deficits and rhythm-based intervention in children with SLD was carried out. RESULTS: A summary of the reviewed literature highlights that music and language processing have shared neural underpinnings. Children with SLD in addition to difficulties in language processing and other neurocognitive deficits are known to have deficits in music and rhythm perception. This is explained in the background of deficits in auditory skills, perceptuo-motor skills and timing skills. Attempt has been made in the field to understand the effect of music training on the children’s auditory processing and language development. Music and rhythm-based intervention emerges as a powerful intervention method to target language processing and other neurocognitive functions. Future studies in this direction are highly underscored. CONCLUSIONS: Suggestions for future research on music-based interventions have been discussed.

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