This paper focuses on the latest progress in the preparation of a series of nanostructured anode materials in our laboratory and their electrochemical properties for Li-ion batteries. These anode materials include core-shell structured Si nanocomposites, TiO2 nanocomposites, novel MoO2 anode material, and carbon nanotube (CNT)-coated SnO2 nanowires (NWs). The substantial advantages of these nanostructured anodes provide greatly improved electrochemical performance including high capacity, better cycling behavior, and rate capability.